Table 2.
Association of secondhand smoke with PUD using multivariable logistic regression analysis in never smokers (n = 88,297).
| Variables | Multivariable (PUD) | |
|---|---|---|
| Odds ratio (95% CI) | p | |
| Age (per 1 year) | 1.040 (1.038–1.043) | <0.001 |
| Male vs. female | 1.175 (1.106–1.248) | <0.001 |
| DM | 1.184 (1.075–1.304) | 0.001 |
| Hypertension | 1.163 (1.091–1.239) | <0.001 |
| Secondhand smoke | 1.166 (1.084–1.254) | <0.001 |
| Alcohol history | 1.050 (0.938–1.176) | 0.395 |
| Betel nut chewing history | 1.179 (0.914–1.520) | 0.206 |
| Regular exercise habits | 0.939 (0.901–0.980) | 0.003 |
| Systolic BP (per 1 mmHg) | 0.993 (0.991–0.994) | <0.001 |
| Body mass index (per 1 kg/m2) | 0.982 (0.975–0.988) | <0.001 |
| Fasting glucose (per 1 mg/dL) | 0.998 (0.997–0.999) | 0.003 |
| Hemoglobin (per 1 g/dL) | 1.021 (1.004–1.038) | 0.014 |
| Triglyceride (per 1 mg/dL) | 1.000 (1.000–1.000) | 0.150 |
| Total cholesterol (per 1 mg/dL) | 0.999 (0.998–1.001) | 0.235 |
| LDL-C (per 1 mg/dL) | 1.001 (0.999–1.002) | 0.403 |
| eGFR (per 1 mL/min/1.73 m2) | 0.999 (0.998–1.000) | 0.164 |
Values expressed as odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (CI). Abbreviations are the same as in Table 1. Adjusted for age, sex, DM and hypertension, secondhand smoke, alcohol and betel nut chewing history, regular exercise habit, systolic BP, BMI, fasting glucose, hemoglobin, triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and eGFR.