Table 3.
Clinical characteristics of the study participants classified by the presence of GERD.
| Characteristics | GERD (n = 88,297) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| GERD (−) (n = 76,539) |
GERD (+) (n = 11,758) |
p | |
| Age (year) | 49.7 ± 11.1 | 52.5 ± 10.3 | <0.001 |
| Male sex (%) | 21.5 | 18.3 | <0.001 |
| DM (%) | 4.4 | 5.8 | <0.001 |
| Hypertension (%) | 10.4 | 13.9 | <0.001 |
| Secondhand smoke (%) | 7.9 | 8.2 | 0.267 |
| Alcohol history (%) | 2.9 | 3.3 | 0.010 |
| Betel nut chewing history (%) | 0.50 | 0.51 | 0.858 |
| Regular exercise habits (%) | 40.8 | 44.2 | <0.001 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 119.3 ± 18.8 | 119.6 ± 17.8 | 0.066 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 72.7 ± 11.2 | 72.6 ± 10.6 | 0.202 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.9 ± 3.7 | 23.9 ± 3.7 | 0.593 |
| Laboratory parameters | |||
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 94.8 ± 19.3 | 95.5 ± 18.2 | <0.001 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 13.4 ± 1.5 | 13.4 ± 1.4 | 0.322 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 107.2 ± 77.9 | 111.0 ± 82.3 | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 196.2 ± 35.9 | 198.6 ± 35.0 | <0.001 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 56.3 ± 13.4 | 56.4 ± 13.5 | 0.315 |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 120.7 ± 31.8 | 121.9 ± 31.1 | <0.001 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 105.6 ± 24.1 | 104.0 ± 23.9 | <0.001 |
| Uric acid (mg/dL) | 5.2 ± 1.3 | 5.2 ± 1.3 | 0.007 |
GERD, gastroesophageal reflux disease. Other abbreviations are the same as in Table 1.