Table 1.
Calculated Point Prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus Viremic Individuals in US Prison Systems by State, Using Population Figures From the Bureau of Justice Statistics for 31 December 2021a
| State | Year of Data Used for Rate | Data Source | Total Prison Population 2021, No.b | HCV Seroprevalence, % | Calculated No. HCV Antibody Positive | Percentage With HCV Viremia | Calculated No. HCV RNA Positive |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | 2022 | 2 surveys | 25 032 | 13.2 | 3299 | 75c | 2474 |
| Alaskad | 2020 | 2 surveys | 4639 | 38.8 | 1799 | 63.2 | 1137 |
| Arizona | 2021 | Public reports [20] | 33 914 | 15.6 | 5292 | 75c | 3969 |
| Arkansas | 2023 | Survey | 17 022 | 13.4 | 2283 | 59.6 | 1361 |
| California | 2021 | 2 surveys | 101 441 | 26.2 | 26 527 | 27.9 | 7401 |
| Colorado | 2017 | Survey Lawsuit [21] |
15 865 | 12.6 | 2001 | 75c | 1501 |
| Connecticutd | 2015–2016 | Survey Lawsuit [22] |
9889 | 15.0 | 1478 | 77.7 | 1148 |
| Delawared | 2022 | Survey | 4810 | 12.9 | 622 | 75 | 467 |
| Florida | 2017–2019 | Survey STAT News |
80 417 | 11.6 | 9333 | 75c | 7000 |
| Georgia | 2019 | Survey Published paper [18] |
47 010 | 9.7 | 4569 | 62.5 | 2856 |
| Hawaii | 2022 | 2 surveys | 4102 | 13.4 | 548 | 74.3 | 407 |
| Idaho | 2021–2022 | Survey | 8907 | 32.7 | 2910 | 75c | 2183 |
| Illinois | 2022 | STAT News | 28 475 | 3.8 | 1068 | 75c | 800 |
| Indiana | 2021–2022 | Survey | 24 716 | 23.4 | 5791 | 56.6 | 3278 |
| Iowa | 2023 | 2 surveys | 8562 | 5.8 | 499 | 75c | 374 |
| Kansas | 2018–2019 | Survey | 8521 | 17.7 | 1509 | 59.6 | 899 |
| Kentucky | 2022 | Survey STAT News |
18 560 | 13.2 | 2454 | 75c | 1841 |
| Louisiana | 2022 | Survey Presentation [23] |
26 074 | 18.0 | 4700 | 13.5 | 635 |
| Maine | 2019 | Survey | 1577 | 25.6 | 404 | 69.6 | 281 |
| Maryland | 2019 | Survey | 15 134 | 11.4 | 1719 | 73.4 | 1262 |
| Massachusetts | 2021 | 2 surveys | 6148 | 2.8 | 172 | 75c | 129 |
| Michigan | 2022 | Survey | 32 186 | 11 | 3540 | 26 | 920 |
| Minnesota | 2019 | Survey | 8003 | 10.4 | 833 | 61.5 | 512 |
| Mississippi | 2022 | Survey | 17 332 | … | … | … | … |
| Missouri | 2017 | Survey | 23 422 | 13.7 | 3214 | 75c | 2411 |
| Montana | 2023 | Survey | 4313 | 24.5 | 1055 | 75c | 791 |
| Nebraska | 2018–2019 | Survey | 5600 | 8.3 | 466 | 75c | 350 |
| Nevada | 2019–2020 | Survey | 10 202 | 27.0 | 2755 | 74.1 | 2041 |
| New Hampshire | 2022 | 2 surveys | 2127 | 14.4 | 307 | 75c | 230 |
| New Jersey | 2022 | 2 surveys | 12 506 | 20.8 | 2599 | 14.6 | 379 |
| New Mexico | 2022 | 2 surveys | 5154 | 34.2 | 1760 | 64.7 | 1139 |
| New York | 2021 | Survey Public report [24] |
30 338 | 11.5 | 3492 | 12.1 | 423 |
| North Carolina | 2019 | Survey Lawsuit [25] |
28 995 | … | … | … | … |
| North Dakota | 2018 | Survey Published report [16] |
1689 | 18.1 | 306 | 75c | 230 |
| Ohio | 2023 | 2 surveys | 45 029 | 14.5 | 6534 | 84 | 5489 |
| Oklahoma | 2021 | Survey STAT News |
22 391 | 12.6 | 2826 | 75c | 2120 |
| Oregone | 2007 | Survey Lawsuit [26] |
13 198 | 23.0 | 3036 | 75c | 2277 |
| Pennsylvania | 2022 | 2 surveys | 37 194 | 22.0 | 8191 | 35.7 | 2927 |
| Rhode Islandd | 2022 | Survey | 2238 | 23.2 | 519 | 30.6 | 159 |
| South Carolina | 2018–2020 | Survey | 15 759 | 19.2 | 3026 | 75.9 | 2297 |
| South Dakota | 2021 | STAT News | 3353 | 15.2 | 509 | 75c | 382 |
| Tennessee | 2017–2018 | Survey Lawsuit [27] |
21 995 | 32.7 | 7199 | 75c | 5399 |
| Texas | 2022 | Survey | 133 772 | 9.7 | 12 989 | 62.4 | 8105 |
| Utah | 2019 | Survey | 5907 | 11.4 | 675 | 75c | 506 |
| Vermontd | 2018–2020 | Survey Published report [17] |
1287 | 15.7 | 202 | 86.9 | 176 |
| Virginia | 2017 | Public report | 30 357 | 10.8 | 3266 | 75c | 2450 |
| Washington | 2019 | Survey Published report [19] |
13 674 | 19.2 | 2621 | 41.8 | 1096 |
| West Virginia | 2019 | Survey | 5847 | … | … | … | … |
| Wisconsin | 2014–2015 | 2 surveys | 20 202 | 12.5 | 2527 | 71.0 | 1794 |
| Wyoming | 2019 | Survey | 2123 | 8.7 | 185 | 50.6 | 94 |
| Mean percentages | 15.2 | 54.9 | |||||
For derivation of rates, see the table in Supplement 2.
Abbreviation: HCV, hepatitis C virus.
See Supplement 2 for additional notes on derivation of numbers.
The size of the total prison population was based on statistics published by the Bureau of Justice for 2021 [14].
Seventy-five percent was used as the default value for percentage of seropositive persons with viremia if no other data available, per Smith et al [15].
In these unified jail/prison systems, population includes some individuals with short stays (awaiting trial).
Cited in contemporary survey, even though source of data is now dated.