Table 1.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Study Cohort
| Characteristic | 1T (n = 5) | 2T (n = 6) | 3T (n = 17) | 2W (n = 6) | I/V (n = 2) | V–All (n = 10) | V–3T (n = 9) | C (n = 11) | All (N = 57) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal | |||||||||
| Age, y | 29 (21–36) | 35 (22–37) | 30 (20–37) | 31 (21–39) | 30 (27–32) | 36 (29–40) | 36 (29–40) | 29 (22–32) | 31 (20–40) |
| European descent | 2 (40) | 3 (50) | 14 (82) | 6 (100) | 2 (100) | 8 (80) | 7 (78) | 10 (91) | 45 (79) |
| Black/African American | 2 (40) | 2 (33) | 2 (12) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 6 (11) |
| Asian | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (6) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (20) | 2 (22) | 0 (0) | 3 (5) |
| Race unknown/not reported | 1 (20) | 1 (17) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (9) | 3 (5) |
| Hispanic or Latinx | 1 (20) | 0 (0) | 1 (6) | 3 (50) | 0 (0) | 1 (10) | 1 (11) | 1 (9) | 7 (12) |
| Not Hispanic or Latinx | 4 (80) | 6 (100) | 16 (94) | 3 (50) | 2 (100) | 9 (90) | 8 (89) | 10 (91) | 50 (88) |
| Asthma | 1 (20) | 2 (33) | 3 (18) | 1 (17) | 0 (0) | 2 (20) | 2 (22) | 2 (18) | 11 (19) |
| Obesity | 3 (60) | 3 (50) | 8 (47) | 4 (67) | 1 (50) | 2 (20) | 2 (22) | 8 (73) | 29 (51) |
| Hypertension | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (33) | 1 (50) | 1 (10) | 1 (11) | 0 (0) | 4 (7) |
| Diabetes | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (17) | 1 (50) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (4) |
| Cardiac conditions | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (9) | 1 (2) |
| Preeclampsia | 2 (40) | 1 (17) | 1 (6) | 3 (50) | 0 (0) | 1 (10) | 1 (11) | 4 (36) | 12 (21) |
| Gestational age, d | |||||||||
| PCR+ | 67 (53–95) | 146 (110–187) | 214 (196–263) | 263 (247–284) | 121 (96–146) | … | … | … | 205 (53–284) |
| Vaccination | … | … | … | … | 250 (247–253) | 238 (184–261) | 234 (184–261) | … | 243 (184–261) |
| COVID-19 symptoms | |||||||||
| Asymptomatic | 0 (0) | 1 (17) | 2 (12) | 4 (67) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 7 (12) |
| Fever | 1 (20) | 2 (33) | 4 (24) | 1 (17) | 1 (50) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 9 (16) |
| Cough | 1 (20) | 4 (67) | 8 (47) | 1 (17) | 1 (50) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (9) | 16 (28) |
| Sore throat | 2 (40) | 3 (50) | 6 (35) | 1 (17) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 12 (21) |
| Dyspnea | 1 (20) | 0 (0) | 6 (35) | 2 (33) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (9) | 10 (18) |
| Myalgia | 1 (20) | 3 (50) | 4 (24) | 2 (33) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 10 (18) |
| Fatigue | 0 (0) | 1 (17) | 4 (24) | 0 (0) | 1 (50) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 6 (11) |
| Diarrhea | 0 (0) | 2 (33) | 3 (18) | 2 (33) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 7 (12) |
| Anosmia | 1 (20) | 3 (50) | 9 (53) | 0 (0) | 1 (50) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 14 (25) |
| Ageusia | 1 (20) | 2 (33) | 8 (47) | 0 (0) | 1 (50) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 12 (21) |
| Cardiac | 0 (0) | 1 (17) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (2) |
| Neonatal | |||||||||
| Singleton | 5 (100) | 6 (100) | 17 (100) | 6 (100) | 2 (100) | 10 (100) | 9 (100) | 11 (100) | 57 (100) |
| Male | 2 (40) | 5 (83) | 10 (59) | 4 (67) | 1 (50) | 7 (70) | 6 (67) | 7 (64) | 36 (63) |
| Female | 3 (60) | 1 (17) | 7 (41) | 2 (33) | 1 (50) | 3 (30) | 3 (33) | 4 (36) | 21 (37) |
| Gestational age at delivery, d | 274 (273–280) | 273 (239–280) | 274 (265–278) | 267 (252–290) | 274 (274–274) | 274 (264–278) | 274 (264–278) | 276 (273–286) | 274 (239–290) |
| Birth weight, g | 3.1 (2.6–3.9) | 3.6 (3.1–3.9) | 3.4 (2.2–4.4) | 3.2 (2.3–3.9) | 3.7 (3.2–4.1) | 3.2 (2.9–4.2) | 3.2 (2.9–4.2) | 3.6 (2.8–4.2) | 3.5 (2.2–4.4) |
| Apgar score at 5 min | 9 (9–9) | 9 (7–9) | 9 (9–9) | 9 (8–9) | 8.5 (8–9) | 9 (9–9) | 9 (9–9) | 9 (8–9) | 9 (7–9) |
| Delivery | |||||||||
| Vaginal | 4 (80) | 5 (83) | 13 (76) | 4 (67) | 0 (0) | 8 (80) | 8 (89) | 6 (55) | 40 (70) |
| Cesarean section | 1 (20) | 1 (17) | 4 (24) | 2 (33) | 2 (100) | 2 (20) | 1 (11) | 5 (45) | 17 (30) |
| Asymptomatic, healthy | 5 (100) | 4 (67) | 13 (76) | 4 (67) | 2 (100) | 7 (70) | 6 (67) | 11 (100) | 46 (81) |
| Tachypnea | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (10) | 1 (11) | 0 (0) | 1 (2) |
| Respiratory distress syndrome | 0 (0) | 1 (17) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (2) |
| Other/unknown outcome | 0 (0) | 1 (17) | 4 (24) | 2 (33) | 0 (0) | 2 (20) | 2 (22) | 0 (0) | 9 (16) |
Data are presented as median (range) or No. (%).
Abbreviations: 1T, first-trimester infection; 2T, second-trimester infection; 3T, third-trimester infection; 2W, infected within 2 weeks of delivery; C, noninfected/vaccinated pregnant controls; I/V, infected and vaccinated; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; V–All, all vaccinated; V–3T, third trimester vaccinated.