Table 1.
Patient characteristics
| Variables | Open (N = 233) |
Laparoscopy (N = 415) |
Robot (N = 57) |
p-value | Missing data | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | ||
| Gender | |||||||||
| Men | 104 | (45.2) | 198 | (47.7) | 25 | (43.9) | 0.758 | ||
| Women | 126 | (54.8) | 217 | (52.3) | 32 | (56.1) | |||
| Age Mean ± SD | 66.9 ± 10.9 | 70.1 ± 11.2 | 69.2 ± 10.5 | 0.003* | 6 | (2.15) | |||
| Laterality | |||||||||
| Left | 104 | (44.8) | 207 | (49.9) | 28 | (49.1) | 0.490 | ||
| Right | 124 | (53.4) | 204 | (49.2) | 28 | (49.1) | |||
| Bilateral | 4 | (1.7) | 2 | (0.5) | 1 | (1.8) | |||
| Graft kidney | 0 | (0.0) | 2 | (0.5) | 0 | (0.0) | |||
| Tumor location | |||||||||
| Renal pelvis | 159 | (68.2) | 302 | (72.8) | 45 | (78.9) | 0.214 | ||
| Upper ureter | 46 | (19.7) | 111 | (26.7) | 9 | (15.8) | 0.046* | ||
| Middle ureter | 39 | (16.7) | 54 | (13.0) | 4 | (7.0) | 0.127 | ||
| Lower ureter | 54 | (23.2) | 79 | (19.0) | 16 | (28.1) | 0.190 | ||
| Bladder cuff | 3 | (1.3) | 19 | (4.6) | 1 | (1.8) | 0.062 | ||
| Synchronous bladder tumor | |||||||||
| No | 181 | (78.7) | 329 | (79.9) | 42 | (75.0) | 0.297 | 4 | (1.43) |
| Previous Hx of bladder UC | 16 | (7.0) | 24 | (5.8) | 1 | (1.8) | |||
| Concurrent Bladder UC | 33 | (14.3) | 59 | (14.3) | 13 | (23.2) | |||
| Post operation intravesical C/T instillation | 11 | (3.94) | |||||||
| No | 215 | (96.0) | 364 | (92.6) | 46 | (85.2) | 0.015* | ||
| Yes | 9 | (4.0) | 29 | (7.4) | 8 | (14.8) | |||
| Perioperative chemotherapy | 2 | (0.72) | |||||||
| Neo-adjuvant | 2 | (0.9) | 10 | (2.4) | 2 | (3.5) | 0.356 | ||
| Adjuvant | 71 | (30.5) | 118 | (28.4) | 15 | (26.3) | |||
| Adjuvant radiation therapy | 12 | (5.2) | 25 | (6.0) | 1 | (1.8) | 0.154 | 2 | (0.72) |
| Surgery | |||||||||
| Transperitoneal | 56 | (26.5) | 208 | (51.4) | 47 | (97.9) | < 0.001* | ||
| Retroperitoneal | 155 | (73.5) | 197 | (48.6) | 1 | (2.1) | |||
| Follow up (months) c median | 14.68 | 28.55 | 18.86 | < 0.001* | 5 | (1.79) | |||