Table 4.

Associations between DIS and LIS and CAC progression; MESA cohort (2000–2012)

		DIS				LIS
		Model 1 HR (95% CI)	Model 2* HR (95% CI)	Model 3† HR (95% CI)		Model 1 HR (95% CI)	Model 2‡ HR (95% CI)	Model 3§ HR (95% CI)
Score as continuous		0.99 (0.98–1.01)	0.99 (0.97–1.01)	0.99 (0.97–1.01)		1.09 (1.02–1.17)	1.08 (1.01–1.17)	1.02 (0.95–1.11)
Quartiles	No. cases/events				No. cases/events
Q1	639/428	Reference	Reference	Reference	639/402	Reference	Reference	Reference
Q2	641/414	0.97 (0.85–1.11)	0.97 (0.85–1.11)	0.97 (0.85–1.12)	479/315	1.05 (0.90–1.22)	1.05 (0.90–1.22)	1.02 (0.87–1.18)
Q3	641/431	1.03 (0.90–1.18)	1.04 (0.90–1.19)	1.05 (0.91–1.20)	762/504	1.09 (0.95–1.24)	1.08 (0.94–1.23)	1.00 (0.86–1.15)
Q4	640/414	0.96 (0.84–1.10)	0.92 (0.80–1.06)	0.94 (0.82–1.09)	681/466	1.22 (1.06–1.41)	1.21 (1.04–1.40)	1.08 (0.93–1.26)
P for trend				0.665				0.386

Model 1: adjusted for age (continuous), sex, and race (White, Chinese, Black, Hispanic)

^*Model 2: adjusted for model 1 and education (less than high school/ high school, some college, graduate degree or professional school), smoking (never, former, current), alcohol consumption (never, former, current), physical activity level (as tertiles of MET), BMI (continuous), family history of CHD (yes/no) and total energy intake (continuous)

^†Model 3: adjusted for model 2 and HDL-C (continuous), TC (continuous), lipid-lowering medication (yes/no), NSAIDs (yes/no), hypertension (yes/no) and diabetes (yes/no)

^‡Model 2: adjusted for model 1 and education, former smoker (yes/no), family history of CHD, and total energy intake

^§Model 3: adjusted for model 2^‡ and equally weighted DIS (continuous), HDL-C, TC, lipid-lowering medication, NSAIDs, hypertension, and diabetes