Table 3.
Prevalence of the most common resistance genes in the two collections
| Antibiotic class | Antibiotic resistance gene | N(% of total ) | FE p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2019 (total n = 7) |
2021 (total n = 20) |
|||
| Aminoglycosides | aph(3’) – Ia | 2 (28.6%) | 17(85%) | 0.011* |
| aac(6’) - Ib-cr7 | 5 (71.4%) | 13 (65%) | 1.000 | |
| aac(6’)-Ib7 | 1 (14.3%) | 0(0%) | 0.259 | |
| aac(3)-IIa | 0(0%) | 3(15%) | 0.545 | |
| aph(3’)-VI | 3 (42.9%) | 17 (85%) | 0.049 * | |
| aph(3’’) – Ib/ aph(6) - Id | 3 (42.9%) | 11(55%) | 0.678 | |
| aadA | 3 (42.9%) | 14 (70%) | 0.365 | |
| aadA2 | 2 (28.6%) | 5(25%) | 1.000 | |
| crcB | 1 (14.3%) | 0(0%) | 0.259 | |
| armA | 1 (14.3%) | 11(55%) | 0.091 | |
| rmtB | 0(0%) | 2(10%) | 1.000 | |
| rmtF | 2 (28.6%) | 1(5%) | 0.156 | |
| rrsB+ | 6 (85.7%) | 15(75%) | 1.000 | |
| β-lactams | bla SHV−16 | 4 (57.1%) | 13 (65%) | 1.000 |
| bla CTX−M−15 | 5 (71.4%) | 16(80%) | 0.633 | |
| bla CTX−M−2 | 0 (0%) | 8(40%) | 0.068 | |
| lap | 0 (0%) | 1(5%) | 1.000 | |
| bla LEN−1 | 4 (57.1%) | 7(35%) | 0.391 | |
|
blaOXA−20/blaOXA−24 / blaOXA−42 /porin ompC |
0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | – | |
| blaOXA−9 /blaKPC | 0 (0%) | 3(15%) | 0.545 | |
| bla OXA−48 | 0 (0%) | 5(25%) | 0.283 | |
| bla OXA−1 | 3 (42.9%) | 5(25%) | 0.633 | |
| bla NDM−1 | 3 (42.9%) | 11(55%) | 0.678 | |
| bla TEM | 4 (57.1%) | 12 (60%) | 1.000 | |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae ompK35 | 7 (100%) | 19 (95%) | 1.000 | |
|
Klebsiella pneumoniae ompK36/ ompK37 lptD / ompA |
7 (100%) | 20 (100%) | – | |
| ESBL | 3 (42.9%) | 2 (10%) | 0.091 | |
| Fosfomycin | fosA1 | 0 (0%) | 3(15%) | 0.545 |
| fosA5 | 7 (100%) | 19 (95%) | 1.000 | |
| Fluoroquinolones | qnrB | 2 (28.6%) | 6 (30%) | 1.000 |
| qnrS11 | 3 (42.9%) | 16(80%) | 0.145 | |
| oqxA | 7 (100%) | 20 (100%) | – | |
| oqxB | 7 (100%) | 19 (95%) | 1.000 | |
| acrR | 7 (100%) | 20 (100%) | – | |
| Macrolide | mphA | 2 (28.6%) | 17(85%) | 0.011 * |
| mphB | 0 (0%) | 1(5%) | 1.000 | |
| mphE | 1 (14.3%) | 12 (60%) | 0.077 | |
| msrE | 1 (14.3%) | 11(55%) | 0.091 | |
| Trimethoprim | dfrA-1 | 2 (28.6%) | 12 (60%) | 0.209 |
| dfrA12 | 2 (28.6%) | 5(25%) | 1.000 | |
| dfrA14 | 4 (57.1%) | 4 (20%) | 0.145 | |
| Sulfonamide | sul1 | 4 (57.1%) | 17 (85%) | 0.290 |
| sul2 | 4 (57.1%) | 16(80%) | 0.328 | |
| sul3 | 0(0%) | 1(5%) | 1.000 | |
| Tetracycline | tetA | 2 (28.6%) | 8(40%) | 0.678 |
| tetD | 2 (28.6%) | 0(0%) | 0.060 | |
| Multidrug |
K. pneumoniae KpnE/ KpnF/ KpnG/ Escherichia coli 23 S |
7 (100%) | 20(100%) | – |
| K. pneumoniae KpnH+ | 0(0%) | 0(0%) | – | |
| adeK / adeG | 0(0%) | 1(5%) | 1.000 | |
| ramR 1 | 1 (14.3%) | 0(0%) | 0.259 | |
| acrA | 7 (100%) | 19 (95%) | 1.000 | |
| Polymyxin | eptB / arnT | 7 (100%) | 20(100%) | – |
| Chloramphenicol | catI | 1 (14.3%) | 5(25%) | 1.000 |
| catII | 0(0%) | 5(25%) | 0.283 | |
| catB3/ floR+ | 0(0%) | 2(10%) | 1.000 | |
| catB8 | 0(0%) | 1(5%) | 1.000 | |
| Antiseptics | qacE | 4 (57.1%) | 18(90%) | 0.091 |
| Rifamycin | arr | 2 (28.6%) | 3(15%) | 0.580 |
| Bleomycin | ble MBL | 3 (42.9%) | 11(55%) | 0.678 |
FEp: p value for Fisher Exact test for comparing between 2019 and 2021
*: Statistically significant at p ≤ 0.05