Table 4.
Prevalence of representative resistance genes relative to specimen types
| Antibiotic class | Antibiotic resistance gene | N (% of total ) | MC p | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BAL (total n = 7) |
URINE (total n = 11) |
BLOOD (total n = 6 ) |
PUS (total n = 3) |
|||
| Aminoglycosides | aph(3’) – Ia | 6 (85.7%) | 5(45.5%) | 6 (100%) | 2 (66.7%) | 0.086 |
| aac(6’) - Ib-cr7 | 5(71.4%) | 7(63.6%) | 3 (50%) | 3(100%) | 0.618 | |
| aph(3’)-VI | 5(71.4%) | 5(45.5%) | 4(66.7%) | 2 (66.7%) | 0.768 | |
| aph(3’’) – Ib/ aph(6) - Id | 4(57%) | 6(54.5%) | 4(66.7%) | 0(0%) | 0.387 | |
| aac(6’)-Ib7/ crcB | 0(0%) | 1(9.1%) | 0(0%) | 0(0%) | 1.000 | |
| aac(3)-IIa | 2(28.6%) | 1(9.1%) | 0(0%) | 0(0%) | 0.602 | |
| aadA2 | 3(43%) | 3(27.3%) | 1(16.7%) | 0(0%) | 0.662 | |
| rmtB | 1(14.3%) | 1(9.1%) | 0(0%) | 0(0%) | 1.000 | |
| rmtF | 1(14.3%) | 2(18.2%) | 0(0%) | 0(0%) | 0.844 | |
| aadA | 5(71.4%) | 6(54.5%) | 4(66.7%) | 2 (66.7%) | 0.940 | |
| armA | 4(57%) | 3(27.3%) | 3 (50%) | 2 (66.7%) | 0.562 | |
| rrsB+ | 5(71.4%) | 9(81.8%) | 4(66.7%) | 3(100%) | 0.791 | |
| β-lactams | bla SHV−16 | 3(43%) | 9(81.8%) | 3 (50%) | 2 (66.7%) | 0.342 |
| bla CTX−M−15 | 5(71.4%) | 8(72.8%) | 5(83.3%) | 3(100%) | 1.000 | |
| bla CTX−M−2 | 2(28.6%) | 2(18.2%) | 4(66.7%) | 0(0%) | 0.175 | |
| bla LEN−1 | 4(57%) | 2(18.2%) | 3 (50%) | 2 (66.7%) | 0.239 | |
| lap | 0(0%) | 0(0%) | 1(16.7%) | 0(0%) | 0.345 | |
| blaOXA−20/ blaOXA−24 / blaOXA−42 | 0(0%) | 0(0%) | 0(0%) | 0(0%) | – | |
| bla OXA−9 | 1(14.3%) | 1(9.1%) | 1(16.7%) | 0(0%) | 1.000 | |
| bla OXA−48 | 1(14.3%) | 1(9.1%) | 3 (50%) | 0(0%) | 0.201 | |
| bla OXA−1 | 2(28.6%) | 4(36.4%) | 1(16.7%) | 1(33.3%) | 0.933 | |
| bla NDM−1 | 5(71.4%) | 5(45.5%) | 2(33.3%) | 2 (66.7%) | 0.565 | |
| bla TEM | 4(57%) | 6(54.5%) | 3 (50%) | 3(100%) | 0.616 | |
| bla KPC | 1(14.3%) | 1(9.1%) | 1(16.7%) | 0(0%) | 1.000 | |
| porin ompC | 0(0%) | 0(0%) | 0(0%) | 0(0%) | – | |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae ompK35 | 7(100%) | 10(91%) | 6 (100%) | 3(100%) | 1.000 | |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae ompK36/ Klebsiella pneumoniae ompK37 /lptD / ompA | 7(100%) | 11(100%) | 6 (100%) | 3(100%) | – | |
| – | ||||||
| ESBL | 1(14.3%) | 2(18.2%) | 1(16.7%) | 1(33.3%) | 1.000 | |
| Fosfomycin | fosA1 | 1(14.3%) | 1(9.1%) | 1(16.7%) | 0(0%) | 1.000 |
| fosA5 | 7(100%) | 10(91%) | 6 (100%) | 3(100%) | 1.000 | |
| Fluoroquinolones | qnrB | 4(57%) | 2(18.2%) | 2(33.3%) | 0(0%) | 0.250 |
| qnrS11 | 5(71.4%) | 7(63.6%) | 5(83.3%) | 2 (66.7%) | 0.928 | |
| oqxA | 7(100%) | 11(100%) | 6 (100%) | 3(100%) | – | |
| oqxB | 7(100%) | 11(100%) | 5(83.3%) | 3(100%) | 0.333 | |
| acrR | 7(100%) | 11(100%) | 6 (100%) | 3(100%) | – | |
| Macrolide | mphA | 7(100%) | 6(54.5%) | 5(83.3%) | 1(33.3%) | 0.154 |
| mphB | 0(0%) | 1(9.1%) | 0(0%) | 0(0%) | 1.000 | |
| mphE | 4(57%) | 4(36.4%) | 3 (50%) | 2 (66.7%) | 0.711 | |
| msrE | 4(57%) | 3(27.3%) | 3 (50%) | 2 (66.7%) | 0.572 | |
| Trimethoprim | dfrA-1 | 5(71.4%) | 3(27.3%) | 4(66.7%) | 2 (66.7%) | 0.232 |
| dfrA12 | 2(28.6%) | 4(36.4%) | 1(16.7%) | 0(0%) | 0.751 | |
| dfrA14 | 3(43%) | 4(36.4%) | 0(0%) | 1(33.3%) | 0.322 | |
| Sulfonamide | sul1 | 7(100%) | 7(63.6%) | 5(83.3%) | 2 (66.7%) | 0.318 |
| sul2 | 6 (85.7%) | 8(72.8%) | 4(66.7%) | 2 (66.7%) | 0.931 | |
| sul3 | 0(0%) | 0(0%) | 0(0%) | 1(33.3%) | 0.105 | |
| Tetracycline | tetA / tetD | 5(71.4%) | 2(18.2%) | 3 (50%) | 0(0%) | 0.076 |
| Multidrug |
K. pneumoniae KpnE/ KpnF/ KpnG/ Escherichia coli 23 S |
7(100%) | 11(100%) | 6 (100%) | 3(100%) | – |
| adeK / adeG | 1(14.3%) | 0(0%) | 0(0%) | 0(0%) | 0.588 | |
| ramR 1 | 0(0%) | 0(0%) | 0(0%) | 1(33.3%) | 0.105 | |
| acrA | 7(100%) | 11(100%) | 5(83.3%) | 3(100%) | 0.333 | |
| Polymyxin | eptB / arnT | 7(100%) | 11(100%) | 6 (100%) | 3(100%) | – |
| Chloramphenicol | catI | 3(43%) | 1(9.1%) | 2(33.3%) | 0(0%) | 0.289 |
| catII | 1(14.3%) | 3(27.3%) | 1(16.7%) | 0(0%) | 1.000 | |
| catB3 | 0(0%) | 1(9.1%) | 1(16.7%) | 0(0%) | 0.785 | |
| catB8 | 1(14.3%) | 0(0%) | 0(0%) | 0(0%) | 0.588 | |
| floR+ | 0(0%) | 0(0%) | 1(16.7%) | 1(33.3%) | 0.102 | |
| Antiseptics | qacE | 7(100%) | 8(72.8%) | 5(83.3%) | 2 (66.7%) | 0.402 |
| Rifamycin | arr- | 2(28.6%) | 2(18.2%) | 1(16.7%) | 0(0%) | 1.000 |
| Bleomycin | ble MBL | 5(71.4%) | 5(45.5%) | 2(33.3%) | 2 (66.7%) | 0.562 |
MCp: p value for Monte Carlo test for comparing between 2019 and 2021