Campbell 1997.
| Methods | Type of study: RCT | |
| Participants | Number of participants randomised:233 (116 exercise group, 117 control) Losses: 1 in control, 7 in exercise group at 6/12 N = 233 Age: mean 84.1 Sex: women Health status as defined by authors: healthy, Residential status of participants: community dwelling Setting: New Zealand Inclusion: women aged 80 years and over, able to move around own home, not receiving physiotherapy Exclusion:<7/10 on mental status questionnaire |
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| Interventions | EXERCISE GROUP (MULTIPLE) (N=116): moderate intensity strengthening exercises including ankle cuff weights for lower limb, tandem and parallel standing, sitting and standing. CONTROL GROUP (N=117): social visits 4 times in 2 months Duration and intensity: 30 mins 3 times per week for 6 months Supervisor: exercise group, physiotherapist; control group, nurse Supervision: home visits 4 times over 2 months then self supervision Setting:home | |
| Outcomes | FRT (cm) 4 test balance scale time to walk 8 feet (s) Compliance/Adherence: not reported Adverse events: not reported |
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| Notes | Data not fully reported: attempted to contact author for clarification | |
| Risk of bias | ||
| Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
| Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Low risk | Computer generated random numbers |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Low risk | Allocation by telephone contact |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes | Unclear risk | Losses reported but not clear how these were addressed in analysis |
| Selective reporting (reporting bias) | High risk | Outcomes of interest not fully reported |
| Other bias | Low risk | The study appears to be free of other sources of bias |
| Blinding (participant) | High risk | Not possible |
| Blinding (assessor) | Low risk | Assessor blind to group allocation |
| Were the treatment and control group comparable at entry? | High risk | Differences in total number of medications and history of knee arthritis |
| Was the surveillance active, and of clinically appropriate duration (i.e. at least 3 months post intervention)? | Low risk | Immediately post intervention (6 months) and 1 year |