Chandler 1998.
| Methods | Type of study: RCT | |
| Participants | Number of participants randomised: 100 Losses:13 (7 control, 6 exercise) Age: mean 77.6 years Sex: 50 men, 50 women Health status as defined by authors: functionally impaired/frail Residential status of participants: community dwelling Setting:USA Inclusion: inability to descend stairs, step over step without holding on Exclusion: <18 on MMSE, unable to follow 3 step command, 3 or more on Reubens advanced ADL, terminal illness, diseases, blindness, amputation |
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| Interventions | EXERCISE GROUP (STRENGTH): (N=50) resistive lower extremity exercises, theraband and body weight CONTROL GROUP: (N=50) usual activity Duration and intensity: 3x week for 10 weeks Supervisor: physical therapist Supervision: individual Setting:home | |
| Outcomes | Functional Reach Test (inches) Spontaneous postural sway (cm) Compliance/adherence: not reported Adverse events: not reported |
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| Notes | Data not reported appropriately for analysis purposes. | |
| Risk of bias | ||
| Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
| Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Low risk | Block randomisation, stratified by two levels of functioning |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Low risk | Persons conducting pre and post tests were blind to group allocation |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes | Low risk | Losses reported |
| Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Unclear risk | Insufficient reporting of attrition/exclusions to permit judgement |
| Other bias | Low risk | The study appears to be free of other sources of bias |
| Blinding (participant) | High risk | Not possible |
| Blinding (assessor) | Low risk | Both pre and post intervention assessors blinded to which groups subjects in and baseline test results respectively |
| Were the treatment and control group comparable at entry? | Low risk | No differences reported on baseline characteristics with a potential to influence the effect of the intervention |
| Was the surveillance active, and of clinically appropriate duration (i.e. at least 3 months post intervention)? | High risk | Only immediately (within 5 days) post intervention |