Hara 2007.

Methods	Type of study: RCT.
Participants	Number of participants randomised: 52 Losses: 8 of 52 (6 exercise and 2 control) Age: Exercise 84.4 (5.6) Control 85.6 (4.8). Sex: women (n = 35) and men (n = 10). Setting: Japan, Health of participants: frail Residential Status: residential care facilities or frail visitors. Inclusion: walk independently or with an aid Exclusion: no specific criteria.
Interventions	EXERCISE GROUP (MULTIPLE): Sit to stands, standing up to parallel bars, light weights for seated arm strengthening ‐ low balance challenge CONTROL GROUP: usual activity. Duration and intensity: 2 or 3 times a week for 6 months.‐ duration of exercise not reported, estimated at 30 mins a session Supervisor: not known. Supervision: not clear if in a group or on a one to one basis. Setting: gym in care home.
Outcomes	Functional Reach (cm) Timed Up and Go (clockwise and anticlockwise) (s) Walking time (s) Compliance/adherence: not reported. Adverse events: not reported
Notes	Subjects in both groups also attended other group activities in the home.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	No randomisation method reported
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to permit judgement
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Differences between drop outs and completers not reported
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	All outcome measures addressed
Other bias	High risk	Both groups attended other group activities which may have influenced results as no account of how many or what
Blinding (participant)	High risk	Not possible
Blinding (assessor)	Unclear risk	Not reported
Were the treatment and control group comparable at entry?	High risk	Only reported on age, weight and height (no differences) but although measured did not report on balance and strength
Was the surveillance active, and of clinically appropriate duration (i.e. at least 3 months post intervention)?	High risk	Only immediately post intervention data, no follow‐up data reported.