Ramsbottom 2004.
| Methods | Type of study: RCT. | |
| Participants | Number of participants randomised: 22
Losses: 7 of 22 (1 for a fall, 2 arthritis and 1 illness, 1 stomach ulcer, 2 noncompliance: 3 from treatment and 4 from control) N = 22 Age: over 70 years. Sex: 7 males, 15 females. Health status as defined by authors: sedentary Residential status of participants: community dwelling Setting: UK. Inclusion: Normal, sedentary over 70 years, community dwelling. Exclusion: risk of taking PRE, physically active. |
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| Interventions | EXERCISE GROUP (MULTIPLE): (n = 11) free weights to strengthen and develop power in shoulder, hip adductors/abductors/flexors/extensors, knee flexor/extensors, increasing in repetitions, functional mobility, stretching and balance exercises. CONTROL GROUP: (n = 10) usual activities. Duration and intensity: 2 x a week for 24 weeks. Supervisor: keep fit association registered teacher. Supervision: group. Setting: community. | |
| Outcomes | Postural sway on BPM
TUG (s)
FRT (cm) Compliance/adherence : mean (SD) 43 (3) classes (max 48) Adverse events: not reported |
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| Notes | ||
| Risk of bias | ||
| Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
| Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Low risk | Randomised by random number tables |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) | High risk | Individuals were informed of group allocation and assessors were not blind to group allocation |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes | Low risk | Intention‐to‐treat analysis |
| Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Unclear risk | Insufficient reporting to permit judgement |
| Other bias | Low risk | The study appears to be free of other sources of bias |
| Blinding (participant) | High risk | Not possible |
| Blinding (assessor) | High risk | Assessors not blinded |
| Were the treatment and control group comparable at entry? | Low risk | No differences reported on baseline characteristics with a potential to influence the effect of the intervention |
| Was the surveillance active, and of clinically appropriate duration (i.e. at least 3 months post intervention)? | High risk | Outcomes immediately post intervention only with no follow‐up |