Toraman 2004.
| Methods | Type of study: RCT | |
| Participants | Number of participants randomised: 42 Losses:no losses N = 42 Age: 60 to 86; EX: 72.5 (7.4), CO: 72.3 (6.0) Sex: 18 men; 3F ‐ Control and 17M; 4 women ‐ Exercise Health status as defined by authors: healthy Residential status of participants:residential care Setting: Turkey Inclusion: aged 60 or over; live in retirement home; independent; perform ADL without mobility aids; healthy; MMSE score of 20 or greater; volunteered for study Exclusion: serious cardiovascular or musculoskeletal diseases |
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| Interventions | EXERCISE GROUP (MULTIPLE): 9 week multi component comprehensive training programme included a warm‐up 10 mins and cool down 10 mins. Components were: 1. aerobic (50% HR increasing 5% weekly) 2. Strength ‐ circuits ‐ 80%IRM and 3. Flexibility training CONTROL GROUP: Duration and intensity: 3 sessions per week for 9 weeks Supervisor: exercise instructor and daily monitoring by nurses of activity levels Supervision: in groups Setting: residential home | |
| Outcomes | TUG over 8 feet (s) Compliance/adherence:all 21 completed though only 6 participated regularly. Others not regularly. Adverse events: No adverse events reported. |
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| Notes | ||
| Risk of bias | ||
| Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
| Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Insufficient information to permit judgement |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Insufficient information to permit judgement |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes | Unclear risk | Insufficient reporting of attrition/exclusions to permit judgement |
| Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Unclear risk | Insufficient information to permit judgement |
| Other bias | Low risk | The study appears to be free of other sources of bias |
| Blinding (participant) | High risk | Not possible |
| Blinding (assessor) | Unclear risk | Insufficient information to permit judgement |
| Were the treatment and control group comparable at entry? | Low risk | No differences reported on baseline characteristics with a potential to influence the effect of the intervention |
| Was the surveillance active, and of clinically appropriate duration (i.e. at least 3 months post intervention)? | High risk | Only immediately post intervention data, no follow‐up data reported. |