Vestergaard 2008.
| Methods | Type of study: RCT | |
| Participants | Number of participants randomised: 61 Losses: 8 (5 from exercise and 3 from control) N = 61 Age: 75 and over mean 81 (3.3) exercise, 82.7 (3.8) control Sex: all women Health status as defined by authors: frail Residential status of participants: community dwelling Setting: Denmark Inclusion: unable to get outdoors without walking aid in last 2 weeks, not participating in regular exercise programmes, scoring 3 or less on mobility tiredness scale, able to communicate by telephone, able to get out of bed/chair, self reported sufficient visual capabilities to follow exercises on TV screen. Exclusion: |
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| Interventions | EXERCISE GROUP (MULTIPLE): 30 min video, booklet and elastic resistance band. 15 mins warm up, flexibility and dynamic balance, strengthening, aerobic 'walking on spot'. seated or standing CONTROL GROUP: usual activity Duration and intensity: 26 mins 3x week for 5 months Supervisor: trained exercise instructor for first session, then video plus bi‐weekly telephone call Supervision: individual Setting: community | |
| Outcomes | Semi‐tandem balance (s) Compliance/adherence: not stated Adverse events: not reported |
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| Notes | ||
| Risk of bias | ||
| Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
| Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Low risk | Matched randomisation based on max leg extensor power at baseline, ranked and matched in pairs, one randomly allocated to each group. Final unpaired participant was allocated based on coin toss. |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Insufficient information to permit judgement |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes | Low risk | Intention‐to‐treat analysis but dropouts not imputed |
| Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Unclear risk | Insufficient information to permit judgement |
| Other bias | Low risk | The study appears to be free of other sources of bias |
| Blinding (participant) | High risk | Not possible |
| Blinding (assessor) | High risk | Personnel not blind to group allocation |
| Were the treatment and control group comparable at entry? | Low risk | No differences reported on baseline characteristics with a potential to influence the effect of the intervention |
| Was the surveillance active, and of clinically appropriate duration (i.e. at least 3 months post intervention)? | High risk | Outcome at 2 weeks after intervention |