Table 4.
Characteristics of aquatic habitats of Anopheles funestus and other mosquito species.
| Parameter | No. habitats observed (%) | Habitats without larvae | Habitats with An. funestus larvae (%) | Habitats with other Anopheles larvae n(%) | Habitats with Culicine sp. larvae n(%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water movement | Stagnant | 370 (49.7) | 7 (1.9) | 167 (45.1) | 110 (29.7) | 123 (33.2) |
| Slow | 354 (47.6) | 11 (3.1) | 164 (46.3) | 90 (25.4) | 147 (41.5) | |
| Fast | 20 (2.7) | 1 (5) | 11 (55) | 1 (5) | 7 (35) | |
| Water type | Permanent | 525 (70) | 10 (1.9) | 279 (53.1) | 150 (28.6) | 230 (43.8) |
| Temporary | 219 (29.4) | 9 (4.1) | 63 (28.8) | 51 (23.3) | 47 (21.5) | |
| Water colour | Clear | 520 (69.9) | 16 (3.1) | 224 (43.1) | 136 (26.2) | 196 (37.7) |
| Coloured | 161 (21.6) | 3 (1.8) | 89 (55.3) | 46 (28.6) | 57 (35.4) | |
| Polluted | 63 (8.5) | 0 | 29 (46) | 19 (30.2) | 24 (38.1) | |
| Habitat type | Swamp | 168 (24.6) | 2 (1.2) | 97 (57.7) | 41 (24.4) | 76 (45.2) |
| Stream | 390 (56.2) | 12 (3.1) | 185 (47.4) | 91 (23.3) | 157 (40.3) | |
| Rice field | 10 (1.6) | 0 | 4 (40) | 4 (40) | 7 (70) | |
| Natural well | 43 (3.7) | 5 (11.6) | 16 (37.2) | 10 (23.3) | 17 (39.5) | |
| Man-made well | 32 (2.3) | 0 | 7 (21.8) | 7 (21.8) | 3 (9.4) | |
| Puddle | 101 (11.6) | 0 | 33 (32.7) | 48 (47.5) | 17 (16.8) | |
| Shade over habitat | None | 425 (56.2) | 10 (2.4) | 196 (46.1) | 127 (29.9) | 145 (34.1) |
| Partial | 236 (31.9) | 9 (3.8) | 102 (43.2) | 55 (23.3) | 95 (40.3) | |
| Heavy | 83 (11.8) | 0 | 44 (53) | 19 (22.9) | 37 (44.6) | |
| Vegetation quantity | None | 257 (34.5) | 12 (4.7) | 114 (44.4) | 57 (22.2) | 96 (37.4) |
| Scarce | 68 (9.1) | 0 | 34 (50) | 15 (22) | 27 (39.7) | |
| Moderate | 217 (29.2) | 6 (2.7) | 103 (47.5) | 57 (26.3) | 78 (35.9) | |
| Abundant | 202 (27.2) | 1 (0.5) | 91 (45.1) | 72 (35.6) | 76 (37.6) | |
| Vegetation type | None | 121 (16.3) | 0 | 74 (61.2) | 33 (27.3) | 69 (57) |
| Submerged | 46 (6.2) | 0 | 23 (50) | 25 (54.3) | 8 (17.4) | |
| Floating | 99 (13.3) | 0 | 70 (70.7) | 34 (34.3) | 53 (53.5) | |
| Emergent | 478 (64.2) | 19 (4) | 175 (36.6) | 109 (22.8) | 147 (30.8) | |
| Algae quantity | None | 516 (69.4) | 17 (3.3) | 197 (26.5) | 126 (16.9) | 171 (23) |
| Scarce | 48 (6.5) | 0 | 34 (70.8) | 20 (41.7) | 17 (35.4) | |
| Moderate | 129 (17.3) | 0 | 85 (65.9) | 40 (31) | 66 (51.2) | |
| Abundant | 51 (6.9) | 2 (3.9) | 26 (51) | 15 (29.4) | 23 (45.1) | |
| Habitat depth | Less than 10 cm | 361 (48.5) | 15 (4.2) | 196 (54.3) | 72 (19.9) | 178 (49.3) |
| Between 10 and 50 cm | 355 (47.7) | 4 (1.1) | 138 (38.9) | 117 (33) | 96 (27) | |
| Greater than 50 cm | 28 (3.8) | 0 | 8 (28.6) | 12 (42.9) | 3 (10.7) | |
No. habitats observed represents total number of observations per parameter.
Rice field represents habitats specifically found within non-irrigational rice fields.