Table 2:
Characteristics of the data from the selected studies
| Author (Year) | Study Quality* | Country | Design | Sample | Intervention Description | Intervention Duration | Outcome | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||||
| Amount | Gender | Age | |||||||
| Chen et al. (2021) (18) | High | Malaysia | Experimental study | 38 | Female | 20–35 yr | Walk briskly at a distance of 2.2 km for 25–35 min with an intensity of 55% to 75% of the maximum heart rate | 1 time | Resting systolic blood pressure was significantly lower in brisk walking than not brisk walking (P< 0.05) |
| He et al. (2018) (19) | Medium | China | A Pilot study | 26 | Female | 55–60 yr | Fast walking exercise is carried out for 60 min/exercise and is carried out three times a week, 30 meters long, with the Improved six-minute walk test (6MWT) method | 12 wk | Brisk walking can significantly reduce blood pressure and the risk of acute cardiovascular events in elderly patients with essential hypertension (P < 0.05) |
| Humphrey & Ogu (2021) (20) | Medium | Nigeria | Experimental study pre- test and post-test control group | 42 | Male | 36–45 yr | Fast walking exercises are carried out routinely for 150 min daily with an intensity of 50% - 70%. | 12 wk | Shows significant mean reduction in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (P < 0.05) |
| Kumaravelu (2019) (21) | High | India | Experimental study | 30 | Male | 30–40 yr | Exercise consists of a warmup, brisk walking, and cool down for 20–45 min/day | 12 wk | A brisk walking exercise program for 12 wk significantly reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure at rest (P < 0.01) |
| Omar et al. (2021) (22) | High | Malaysia | Randomized controlled trial study | 70 | Male | 20–40 yr | Exercise brisk walking of 1000 to 8000 steps/day | 12 wk | Pedometer-based brisk walking can significantly reduce blood pressure (P < 0.05) |
| Rachmawati et al. (2019) (23) | Low | Indonesia | Quasi-experiment with non-equivalent control group design pretest and post- test approach | 116 | Female and Male | 40–60 yr | Fast walking exercise for 8 min per session and carried out as many as eight sessions | 2 wk | The brisk walking exercise showed that the average decrease in blood pressure was significant (P < 0.001) |
| Saavedra et al. (2021) (24) | High | Spanish | Quasi-experimental study | 47 | Male | 45 yr | Frequency 3 sessions/week of 30 min duration in the middle of the weekday with > 100 steps/minute throughout the session. | 12 wk | Brisk walking exercises can lower blood pressure |
| Xu et al. (2021) (25) | High | China | A Prospective Study | 421 | Female and Male | 55–79 yr | Fast walking training using the Graded Brisk Walking Test (GBWT) method | 24 wk | A brisk walking program significantly reduced blood pressure (P < 0.05) |
| Zhao & Wang (2021) (6) | High | China | Experimental study pre- test and post-test with the control group | 98 | Female | 55–65 yr | The brisk walking exercise for 30–40 min with an intensity of 65–75% | 3–5 times a week | Effective brisk walking exercise can increase the therapeutic effect on essential hypertension and improve self-management ability for chronic diseases (P < 0.05) |
*
Quality of studies based on results methodological quality of studies in Table 1