Table 2.
Food (in)security and poverty reports indices and indicators referring to food poverty dimensions.
| Dimension | Indicators | Description | Food (in)security indices* | Poverty reports indices and indicators** |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Material food poverty | ||||
| Economic | Food affordability | Food price levels, stability, and shocks, local cost of food required to meet a common energy intake | FAI; GFI; GFSI; UK-FSR | CPI |
| Household-income | Lack of monetary resources to purchase food; share of income spent on food | CARI; FEI; FIES | MD; MSD | |
| Unconventional food income source strategies | Coping strategies to get money for food | CSI; FSS; LCS-FS | ||
| Physical | National availability of food | Food supply, supply disruption, domestic production (export), food import dependence, food loss/waste; available food diversity/quality | Food-EPI; FSI; GFSI; HEI; MLDS | |
| Food environment | Proximity to grocery stores; access to a reliable food/water source | FEI; GFSI; UK-FSR | MDI; MPI | |
| Food distribution | Quality of the road infrastructure | FSI | ||
| Physiological | Malnourishment | Prevalence of undernourishment (stunting, wasting), overnutrition | FSI; GHI; GFI | BMI; MPI |
| Diet quality | Healthy and nutritious food, dietary diversity, adequacy of micronutrient intake, consumption levels | DQI-I; FIES; Food-EPI; FSI; GFI; GFSI; HDDS; HEI; HFIAS | ||
| Food quantity | Consumption of different food groups, situations of hunger | CARI; FCS; HHS | ||
| Diet-related health outcomes | Diabetes, obesity, disability-adjusted-life-years, mortality rates | FSI; GFI; GHI | MPI; SPI | |
| Hygienic | Food safety | Access to safe food and drinking water | GFI; GFSI | MPI; MPM; SPI |
| Social food poverty | ||||
| Social | Social integration | Getting together, eating out | MSD | |
| Communal networks | Coping behaviors (e.g., sending children to eat with neighbors); unconventional food sources (e.g., borrowing food from neighbors) | CARI; CSI; LCS-FS | ||
| Social food access barriers | Gender inequality in household food access, free institutional meals | CSI; FSS; GFSI; UK-FSR | ||
| Cultural | Food customs and practices | Deviant food patterns, dietary change | CARI; CSI; FSS; HFIAS; HHS | FRS; MD; MSD |
| Mental | Worries about food | Uncertainty or concerns about insufficient food procurement | FIES, HFIAS; LCS-FS | FRS |
| Bizarre coping strategies | Illegal income activities (theft, prostitution) due to lack of food, begging or scavenging for food | LCS-FS | ||
*CARI, consolidated approach for reporting indicators of food security; CSI, coping strategy index; DQI-I, diet quality index-international; FAI, food affordability index; FCS, food consumption score; FEI, food environment index; FIES, food insecurity experience scale; Food-EPI, food environment policy index; FSI, food sustainability index; FSS, food security supplement; GFI, global food index; GFSI, global food security index; GHI, global hunger index; HDDS, household dietary diversity scale; HEI, healthy eating index; HFIAS, household food insecurity access scale; HHS, household hunger scale; LCS-FS, livelihood coping strategies-food security; MLDS, market-level food diversity score; UK-FSR, UK-food security report indicators.
**BMI, body mass index; CPI, consumer price index; FRS, UK family resource survey indicators; MD, material deprivation indicators; MDI, multidimensional deprivation index; MPI, multidimensional poverty index; MPM, multidimensional poverty measure indicators; MSD, material and social deprivation indicators; SPI, social progress index.