FIGURE 4.

Low lipid content stunts the growth of pine wood nematodes (PWNs) isolated from Larix olgensis prewintering. (a) Lipid staining of PWNs cultured from L. olgensis, Pinus koraiensis or Botrytis cinerea. (b) Magnified view of lipid staining in PWNs cultured under different conditions. (c) Frequency distribution histogram and cumulative frequency curve illustrating the variation in lipid content (LC) of PWNs cultured under different conditions. The grey bars represent frequency (left y‐axis), while the black points represent cumulative frequency (right y‐axis). The red line represents the frequency fitting curve, and the black line represents the cumulative frequency fitting curve. (d) Quantification of lipid content in PWNs cultured under different conditions. (e) Correlation analyses between lipid content and overwintering survival rate, length (L), and maximum body width (MW).