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Caffeic acid reduced the survival of pine wood nematodes (PWNs) at low temperature by reducing lipid content. (a) Survival curve of PWNs treated with 0 (CK), 10, 25, 50, 75, and 100 μg/mL of caffeic acid under low temperature. (b) Correlation analysis between PWN survival rate under low temperature and concentrations of caffeic acid treatment. (c) Correlation analysis between PWN survival rate under low temperature and lipid content in PWNs.
