Table 1.
Characteristics of All Nonsmokers According to NCT Use in the SIREN Study
| NCT use status | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | NCT (no) | NCT (yes) | p-value |
| Country | 7576 | 41 | |
| Ghana | 2220 (29.9) | 10 (24.4) | .491 |
| Nigeria | 5356 (70.1) | 31 (76.6) | |
| Sex | |||
| Females | 3865 (51.0) | 14 (34.1) | .02 |
| Males | 3711 (49.0) | 27 (65.9) | |
| Age (years), mean ± SD | 57.7 ± 14.8 | 62.8 ± 15.7 | .01 |
| <60 years | 4000 (52.8) | 13 (31.7) | .007 |
| ≥60 years | 3576 (47.2) | 28 (68.3) | |
| Education | |||
| None | 1569 (20.7) | 7 (17.5) | .87 |
| Primary school | 1678 (22.2) | 9 (22.5) | |
| Secondary school and above | 4317 (57.1) | 24 (60.0) | |
| Monthly income | |||
| <$100 | 4132 (55.5) | 17 (42.5) | .09 |
| ≥$100 | 3311 (44.5) | 23 (57.5) | |
| Lifestyle factors | |||
| Current alcohol use (yes) | 7334 (96.8) | 39(95.1) | .54 |
| Family history of CVD (yes) | 4623 (61.0) | 26 (63.4) | .75 |
| Physical inactivity (yes) | 251 (3.3) | 2 (4.9) | .57 |
| Anthropometric measurements | |||
| WHR, mean ± SD | 0.92 ± 0.8 | 0.93 ± 0.09 | .53 |
| WHR ≥ 0.90 (men) and 0.85 (women) | 5522 (72.9) | 28 (68.3) | .92 |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean ± SD | 26.5 ± 5.6 | 26.2 ± 5.2 | .79 |
| BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 | 1781 (23.5) | 20 (48.8) | <.0001 |
| Blood pressure and metabolic factors | |||
| SBP (mm Hg), mean ± SD | 146.1 ± 30.0 | 152.1 ± 28.7 | .21 |
| DBP (mm Hg), mean ± SD | 89.1 ± 60.6 | 92.4 ± 15.1 | .73 |
| Hypertension (yes) | 7 (0.4) | 34 (0.6) | .20 |
| Diabetes (yes) | 3360 (44.4) | 24 (58.5) | .068 |
| Dyslipidemia (yes) | 1767 (23.3) | 11 (26.8) | <.0001 |
NCT: non-cigarette tobacco; CVD: cardiovascular diseases; WHR: waist-to-hip ratio; BMI: body mass index; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure. Continuous data are presented as mean ± SD and compared using paired t test; categorical data are presented as n (%) and compared using the chi-square test.