Table 3.
Participant Health Behavior and Care Characteristics and Health-Related Characteristics
| Characteristics | CC-exclusive user | EC initiator | Quitter | p-value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N a | % (95% CI)b | RSE (%)c | N a | % (95% CI)b | RSE (%) | N a | % (95% CI)b | RSE (%) | ||
| Pregnancy intention | 13 856 | 386 | 14 775 | <.001 | ||||||
| Intended | 4854 | 34.7 (33.3, 36.0) | 2.0 | 139 | 35.4 (27.5, 43.8) | 11.3 | 6788 | 47.7 (46.4, 49.1) | 1.4 | |
| Unintended | 4757 | 36.2 (34.8, 37.7) | 2.0 | 136 | 31.7 (24.1, 40.1) | 12.3 | 4592 | 31.8 (30.6, 33.1) | 2.0 | |
| Not sure | 4245 | 29.1 (27.8, 30.4) | 2.3 | 111 | 32.9 (25.3, 41.3) | 11.9 | 3395 | 20.5 (19.4, 21.6) | 2.7 | |
| WIC program participation | 13 856 | 390 | 14 810 | <.001 | ||||||
| Yes | 5377 | 40.0 (38.5, 41.4) | 1.8 | 169 | 42.3 (34.2, 50.8) | 9.6 | 7571 | 55.1 (53.8, 56.5) | 1.2 | |
| Flu vaccine receipt | 13 851 | 391 | 14 792 | <.001 | ||||||
| Yes | 6850 | 46.7 (45.2, 48.1) | 1.6 | 195 | 47.8 (39.3, 56.3) | 8.7 | 8331 | 53.6 (52.3, 55.0) | 1.3 | |
| Kotelchuck index | 13 676 | 388 | 14 606 | <.001 | ||||||
| Inadequate | 3150 | 21.2 (20.1, 22.5) | 2.9 | 76 | 22.5 (15.4, 31.1) | 16.9 | 2106 | 12.6 (11.7, 13.5) | 3.6 | |
| Intermediate | 1587 | 11.0 (10.1, 11.9) | 4.1 | 34 | 7.7 (4.5, 12.1) | 23.7 | 1566 | 10.4 (9.6, 11.2) | 4.1 | |
| Adequate | 4478 | 37.0 (35.6, 38.5) | 1.9 | 140 | 37.6 (29.6, 46.1) | 10.8 | 5752 | 43.1 (41.8, 44.5) | 1.6 | |
| Adequate plus | 4461 | 30.7 (29.4, 32.1) | 2.2 | 138 | 32.2 (24.7, 40.4) | 11.9 | 5182 | 33.9 (32.6, 35.2) | 1.9 | |
| Prenatal care starts in the first trimester of pregnancy | 13 742 | 387 | 14 783 | <.001 | ||||||
| Yes | 10 442 | 78.5 (77.3, 79.7) | 0.8 | 297 | 75.5 (67.3, 82.6) | 4.9 | 12 682 | 87.2 (86.2, 88.1) | 0.5 | <.001 |
| Breastfeeding | 13 084 | 375 | 14 629 | |||||||
| Ever | 9116 | 69.4 (68.0, 70.7) | 1.0 | 304 | 82.3 (75.0, 88.1) | 3.9 | 12 297 | 84.0 (83.0, 85.0) | 0.6 | |
| Prepregnancy BMI | 13 642 | 387 | 14 709 | <.001 | ||||||
| Underweight | 674 | 4.7 (4.2, 5.4) | 6.4 | 21 | 4.3 (1.3, 10.2) | 46.1 | 438 | 3.0 (2.5, 3.5) | 8.0 | |
| Normal | 4996 | 36.0 (34.6, 37.4) | 2.0 | 174 | 47.9 (39.5, 56.4) | 8.7 | 5061 | 36.4 (35.1, 37.7) | 1.8 | |
| Overweight | 3320 | 24.8 (23.5, 26.1) | 2.6 | 98 | 25.5 (18.8, 33.2) | 13.7 | 3807 | 26.7 (25.5, 27.9) | 2.3 | |
| Obese | 4652 | 34.5 (33.1, 35.9) | 2.0 | 94 | 22.3 (16.1, 29.6) | 14.7 | 5403 | 34.0 (32.7, 35.2) | 1.9 | |
| Parity | 14 067 | 394 | 14 989 | <.001 | ||||||
| Primiparous | 3627 | 25.5 (24.3, 26.8) | 2.4 | 132 | 34.8 (26.9, 43.5) | 11.7 | 6146 | 42.2 (40.9, 43.5) | 1.6 | |
| 2 | 3958 | 31.1 (29.7, 32.4) | 2.2 | 120 | 29.9 (22.9, 37.6) | 12.1 | 4414 | 31.9 (30.6, 33.1) | 2.0 | |
| ≥3 | 6482 | 43.4 (42.0, 44.8) | 1.7 | 142 | 35.3 (27.4, 43.8) | 11.4 | 4429 | 25.9 (24.8, 27.1) | 2.3 | |
| History of preterm birth | 14 056 | 392 | 14 984 | <.001 | ||||||
| Yes | 1284 | 7.0 (6.3, 7.7) | 5.1 | 23 | 3.6 (1.7, 6.7) | 31.9 | 808 | 3.6 (3.2, 4.1) | 6.1 | |
| Maternal hypertension (preexisting and gestational) | 13 899 | 390 | 14 838 | .434 | ||||||
| Yes | 3240 | 20.4 (19.3, 21.5) | 2.8 | 80 | 17.6 (12.0, 24.6) | 17.3 | 3411 | 19.6 (18.6, 20.6) | 2.6 | |
| Maternal diabetes (type I/II/gestational) | 13 850 | 389 | 14 796 | .921 | ||||||
| Yes | 1890 | 13.2 (12.2, 14.3) | 3.9 | 53 | 12.9 (8.1, 19.1) | 20.5 | 2066 | 13.0 (12.1, 13.8) | 3.4 | |
| Maternal depression | 13 863 | 391 | 14 771 | <.001 | ||||||
| Ever | 5959 | 43.0 (41.6, 44.5) | 1.7 | 206 | 55.2 (46.7, 63.4) | 7.4 | 4517 | 28.4 (27.2, 29.7) | 2.2 | |
aUnweighted sample siz.
bWeighted prevalence and 95% confidence interval.
cRelative standard error of weighted prevalence with higher value indicates statistically unreliable estimation. Statistical analysis by a Rao-Scott Chi-square test.
CC = combustible cigarette; EC = e-cigarette; RSE = relative standard error.