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. 2024 May 23;26(11):1455–1462. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntae119

Table 4.

Perinatal and Neonatal Health Outcomes

Characteristics CC-exclusive user EC initiator Quitter p-value
N a % (95% CI)b RSE (%)c N % (95% CI) RSE (%) N % (95% CI) RSE (%)
Delivery method 14 083 394 15 011 .088
Vaginal 9057 66.7 (65.3, 68.0) 1.0 251 65.1 (56.7, 72.8) 6.1 9488 64.6 (63.3, 65.9) 1.0
C-section 5026 33.3 (32.0, 34.7) 2.0 143 34.9 (27.2, 43.3) 11.3 5523 35.4 (34.1, 36.7) 1.8
Plurality 13 703 372 14 707 .681
 Singleton 13 235 98.2 (97.9, 98.5) 0.2 358 96.8 (91.7, 99.2) 1.7 14 160 98.2 (97.9, 98.4) 0.2
 More than one 468 1.8 (1.5, 2.1) 8.4 14 3.2 (0.8, 8.3) 51.0 547 1.8 (1.6, 2.1) 7.9
Preterm birth 14 051 394 14 997 <.001
 No 10 710 87.0 (86.2, 87.8) 0.5 301 89.4 (84.6, 93.1) 2.3 12 238 90.4 (89.7, 91.1) 0.4
 Yes 3341 13.0 (12.2, 13.8) 3.2 93 10.6 (6.9, 15.4) 19.5 2759 9.6 (8.9, 10.3) 3.5
Low birth weight 14 081 395 15002 <.001
 No 9420 86.7 (86.0, 87.4) 0.4 270 89.4 (85.2, 92.7) 2.0 11 862 92.2 (91.7, 92.6) 0.3
 Yes 4661 13.3 (12.6, 14.0) 2.6 125 10.6 (7.3, 14.8) 17.1 3140 7.8 (7.4, 8.3) 3.1
SGA 13 546 379 14 412 <.001
 No 10 088 80.7 (79.6, 81.8) 0.7 293 83.1 (75.8, 89.0) 3.8 12 407 90.4 (89.6, 91.1) 0.4
 Yes 3458 19.3 (18.2, 20.4) 2.9 86 16.9 (11.0, 24.2) 18.9 2005 9.6 (8.9, 10.4) 3.9

aUnweighted sample size

bWeighted prevalence and 95% confidence interval

cRelative standard error of weighted prevalence with higher value indicates statistically unreliable estimation. Statistical analysis by a Rao-Scott Chi-square test.

CC = combustible cigarette; EC = e-cigarette; RSE = relative standard error.