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. 2024 Sep 11;16(9):5643–5649. doi: 10.21037/jtd-24-784

Table 1. Patient characteristics.

Variables Total (n=48) Low EF group (n=15) Normal EF group (n=33)
Age, years 84.7 [6.8] 83.2 [7.2] 85.4 [6.5]
Female 23 (47.9) 6 (40.0) 17 (51.5)
Body mass index, kg/m2 28.7 [6.8] 29.7 [8.1] 28.3 [6.1]
Approach
   Trans-femoral 39 (81.3) 11 (73.3) 28 (84.8)
   Trans-apical 9 (18.8) 4 (26.7) 5 (15.2)
Intra-op complications 6 (12.5) 1 (6.7) 5 (15.2)
Atrial fibrillation 21 (43.8) 5 (33.3) 16 (48.5)
Asthma 2 (4.2) 0 (0.0) 2 (6.1)
CABG 14 (29.2) 5 (33.3) 9 (27.3)
CAD 43 (89.6) 14 (93.3) 29 (87.9)
CKD 29 (60.4) 12 (80.0) 17 (51.5)
COPD 17 (35.4) 6 (40.0) 11 (33.3)
Carotid artery disease 9 (18.8) 3 (20.0) 6 (18.2)
Dyslipidemia 27 (56.3) 9 (60.0) 18 (54.5)
Diabetes 20 (41.7) 7 (46.7) 13 (39.4)
NYHA
   1–2 15 (31.2) 2 (13.3) 13 (39.4)
   3–4 33 (68.8) 13 (86.7) 20 (60.6)
AR
   Non-mild 21 (43.8) 8 (53.3) 13 (39.4)
   Moderate-severe 27 (56.2) 7 (46.7) 20 (60.6)
MR
   Non-mild 17 (35.4) 5 (33.3) 12 (36.4)
   Moderate-severe 31 (64.6) 10 (66.7) 21 (63.6)
LVH 43 (89.6) 13 (86.7) 30 (90.9)

Data are presented as mean [standard deviation] or n (%). CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; CAD, coronary artery disease; CKD, chronic kidney disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; EF, ejection fraction; NYHA, New York Heart Association; AR, aortic valve regurgitation; MR, mitral valve regurgitation; LVH, left ventricular hypertrophy.

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