Table 2.
Characteristics of the participants based on the presence of frailty (n = 479).
| Physical symptoms and health status | Non-frailty (N = 364) | Frailty (N = 115) | Chi-square statistics (X2) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | N (%) | |||
| Malnutrition | ||||
| Yes | 42 (39.6) | 64 (60.4) | 98.689 | <0.001*** |
| Appetite | ||||
| Yes | 301(73.1) | 111 (26.9) | 13.892 | <0.001*** |
| Sarcopenia | ||||
| Yes | 31 (28.2) | 79 (71.8) | 178.899 | <0.001*** |
| Comorbidity | ||||
| Yes | 198 (72.3) | 76(27.7) | 4.879 | 0.027* |
| Feel lonely | ||||
| Yes | 199 (72.9) | 74 (27.1) | 3.339 | 0.068 |
| Feel tired after dialysis | ||||
| Yes | 122 (68.9) | 55 (31.1) | 7.681 | 0.006** |
| Sleep time per day | ||||
| ≤5 h/day | 40 (50.6) | 39 (49.4) | 37.138 | <0.001*** |
| 6 h/day | 103 (76.3) | 32 (23.7) | ||
| 7 h/day | 135(82.3) | 29(17.7) | ||
| 8 h/day | 72(86.7) | 11(13.3) | ||
| 9 h/day | 6(85.7) | 1(14.3) | ||
| ≥10 h/day | 8(72.7) | 3(27.3) | ||
| Education | ||||
| Elementary school and below | 171 (71.0) | 70 (29.0) | 7.827 | 0.098 |
| Junior high school | 112 (83.0) | 23 (17.0) | ||
| High school | 49(79.0) | 13(21.0) | ||
| Junior college | 25(80.6) | 6(19.4) | ||
| College degree and above | 7(70.0) | 3(30.0) | ||
| Marital status | ||||
| Single | 39 (84.8) | 7 (15.2) | 3.190 | 0.363 |
| Married | 300 (75.2) | 99 (24.8) | ||
| Divorced | 13(81.3) | 3(18.8) | ||
| Others | 12(66.7) | 6(33.3) | ||
| Frequency of physical exercise per week | ||||
| 0 times/week | 128(63.4) | 74 (36.6) | 33.760 | <0.001*** |
| 1–2 times/week | 118(80.8) | 28 (19.2) | ||
| ≥3 times/week | 118(90.1) | 13(9.9) | ||
| Employment status | ||||
| Yes | 42 (89.4) | 5 (10.6) | 5.106 | 0.024* |
| Dialysis frequency | ||||
| 2 times/week | 42 (87.5) | 6 (12.5) | 3.873 | 0.049* |
| 3 times/week | 322 (74.7) | 109 (25.3) | ||
| Hospitalized in the past 6 months | ||||
| Yes | 62 (64.6) | 34 (35.4) | 8.565 | 0.003** |
| Age | ||||
| 18–30 | 33 (82.5) | 7 (17.5) | 27.084 | <0.001*** |
| 31–40 | 70 (89.7) | 8(10.3) | ||
| 41–50 | 128(80.0) | 32(20.0) | ||
| 51–60 | 73(72.3) | 28(27.7) | ||
| 61–70 | 52(62.7) | 31(37.3) | ||
| >70 | 8(47.1) | 9(52.9) | ||
| Place of residence | ||||
| Rural | 153 (71.2) | 62 (28.8) | 9.585 | 0.008** |
| Town | 79 (73.1) | 29 (26.9) | ||
| City | 132 (84.6) | 24 (15.4) | ||
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 202(82.1) | 44(17.9) | 10.390 | 0.001*** |
| Female | 162(69.5) | 71(30.5) | ||
*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.