TABLE 1.

Overview of studied simulation scenarios.

Description	True mean‐ratio a (%)	Subjects	Sampling times (hours after dose)
Oral formulation
Power analysis
Crossover design with rich sampling	90	24	0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3.5, 5, 7, 9, 12, 24
Crossover design with sparse sampling	90	40	0.25, 3.35, 24
Type I error analysis
Crossover design with rich sampling	125	24	0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3.5, 5, 7, 9, 12, 24
Crossover design with sparse sampling	125	40	0.25, 3.35, 24
Ophthalmic formulation
Power analysis
Parallel design	90	480	0.25, 1.5, 5, 15, 24 b
Crossover design	90	120	0.25, 1.5, 5, 15, 24 b
Type I error analysis
Parallel design	125	480	0.25, 1.5, 5, 15, 24 b
Crossover design	125	120	0.25, 1.5, 5, 15, 24 b

^a β _TRT,F value used for test formulation in simulations.

^b For ophthalmic formulations: In parallel trials, each subject is sampled once, in crossover trials, each subject is sampled twice at the same time after the dose, once per study period. Subjects are assigned evenly across timepoints.