Fig 1.

(A) A workflow illustrating the sequence of experiments, including bioreactor cultivations with studied parameters and follow-up growth experiments conducted in media supplemented with aspartate (Asp), succinate (SA), and α-ketoglutarate (α-KG). (B) Cell density (dotted line) and viable cell counts (solid line) in bioreactor-conducted experiments under aerobic (green) and anaerobic (orange) growth conditions. Sampling points for OD₆₀₀ measurements and colony-forming unit determinations are marked with squares (aerobic) and circles (anaerobic), respectively. Key metabolite production dynamics and transcriptomic analyses were performed over four growth stages: mid-logarithmic (I), late logarithmic (II), early stationary (III), and late stationary (IV) phases. RNA sequencing was conducted on samples I and III. Red arrows indicate the specific time points/growth stages at which the cells were sampled for transcriptomic (T) and surfaceomic (S) analyses.