Table 3.
Descriptive statistics of secondary outcomes, global cognition, health-related quality of life, and subjective health estimation
| N | Total | COVID-19 | Non-COVID-19 | Percentage | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Cov) | (n-Cov) | COV | n-COV | ||||
| Mood | COV,n-COV | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Above normal range (abnormal) in % | ||
| Anxiety | Baseline | 14, 13 | 62.4 (10.3) | 62.4 (11.0) | 62.4 (10.0) | 71.4 | 53.8 |
| Visit 1 | 14, 15 | 59.4 (9.7) | 60.8 (11.2) | 58.1 (8.2) | 57.1 | 40.0 | |
| Visit 2 | 10, 9 | 55.8 (9.9) | 53.9 (11.1) | 57.9 (8.4) | 30.0 | 33.3 | |
| Visit 3 | 15, 11 | 53.0 (10.5) | 51.5 (11.1) | 55.0 (9.7) | 13.3 | 36.4 | |
| Depression | Baseline | 14, 13 | 58.2 (14.8) | 59.3 (14.6) | 56.9 (15.5) | 42.9 | 46.2 |
| Visit 1 | 14, 15 | 54.8 (12.8) | 53.9 (11.9) | 55.6 (13.9) | 35.7 | 53.3 | |
| Visit 2 | 10, 9 | 53.4 (13.2) | 48.6 (12.9) | 58.8 (11.9) | 30.0 | 55.6 | |
| Visit 3 | 15, 11 | 43.2 (13.4) | 43.0 (13.6) | 43.5 (13.7) | 13.3 | 18.2 | |
| Functional scores | COV,n-COV | Median [IQR] | Median [IQR] | Median [IQR] | Below cut-off in % | ||
| BI | Baseline | 15, 15 | 15 [5, 31.3] | 15 [5, 45] | 20 [10, 25] | 93.3 | 100 |
| Visit 1 | 14, 15 | 27.5 [15, 45] | 35 [15, 48.8] | 20 [15, 40] | 85.7 | 93.3 | |
| Visit 2 | 10, 1 | 50 [40, 58.8] | 55 [20, 61.3] | 45 [40, 55] | 80.0 | 100 | |
| Visit 3 | 15, 13 | 65 [60, 72.5] | 65 [60, 75] | 65 [57.5, 67.5] | 40.0 | 30.8 | |
| ER-BI | Baseline | 15, 15 | − 150 [− 150, − 87.5] | − 150 [− 150, 0] | − 100 [− 150, − 100] | – | – |
| Visit 1 | 14, 15 | − 100 [− 150, − 37.5] | − 100 [− 150,0] | − 100 [− 150, − 100] | – | – | |
| Visit 2 | 10, 1 | − 50 [− 100, 0] | 0 [− 112.5, 0] | − 50 [− 62.5, 0] | – | – | |
| Visit 3 | 15, 13 | 0 [− 50, 0] | 0 [− 50, 0] | 0 [− 50, 0] | – | – | |
| EBI | Baseline | 15, 12 | 85 [75, 90] | 85 [80, 90] | 75 [70, 90] | – | – |
| Visit 1 | 14, 14 | 85 [75, 90] | 85 [83.8, 90] | 77.5 [73.8, 90] | – | – | |
| Visit 2 | 10, 1 | 90 [80, 90] | 90 [80, 90] | 85 [75, 90] | – | – | |
| Visit 3 | 15, 13 | 90 [80, 90] | 90 [85, 90] | 90 [75, 90] | – | – | |
| mRS | Baseline | 15, 15 | 4 [4, 5] | 4 [3, 5] | 4 [4, 5] | 86.7 | 93.3 |
| Visit 1 | 14, 15 | 4 [3, 4] | 4 [2.8, 4] | 4 [4] | 78.6 | 100.0 | |
| Visit 2 | 10, 1 | 4 [3, 4] | 3.5 [3, 4] | 4 [3, 4] | 90.0 | 90.0 | |
| Visit 3 | 15, 13 | 2 [1.3, 3] | 2 [1, 3] | 3 [2, 3.5] | 40.0 | 53.9 | |
| Other | COV,n-COV | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Below cut-off in % | ||
| MoCA* | Baseline | 13, 14 | 22.7 (3.5) | 23.5 (3.8) | 21.9 (3.2) | 69.2 | 85.7 |
| Visit 3 | 13, 9 | 24.9 (2.6) | 25.6 (2.3) | 23.9 (2.8) | 53.8 | 77.8 | |
| EQ5D5L | – | – | |||||
| EQ index | visit 1 | 14, 14 | 0.6 (0.3) | 0.6 (0.3) | 0.6 (0.4) | – | – |
| visit 3 | 15, 10 | 0.8 (0.2) | 0.8 (0.2) | 0.8 (0.1) | – | – | |
| VAS-score | visit 1 | 14, 14 | 50.1 (21.0) | 47.2 (20.0) | 52.9 (22.2) | – | – |
| visit 3 | 15, 10 | 67.4 (17.1) | 67.2 (18.5) | 67.8 (15.6) | – | – | |
| How many % regained (visit 3) | Subjectively fully (100%) recovered in % | ||||||
| Of physical health | 13, 9 | 74 [60, 80] | 68 [55, 77.5] | 80 [67.5, 80] | 0 | 0 | |
| Of cognitive health | 13, 9 | 99 [83.8, 100] | 98 [82.5, 100] | 100 [80, 100] | 46.2 | 55.6 | |
BI-Barthel Index; ER BI-Early Rehabilitation Barthel Index; mRS-Modified Rankin Scale; EBI-Extended Barthel Index; MoCA-Montreal Cognitive Assesment; EQ5D5L-European Quality of Life 5 Dimensions 5 Level (EQ index: 0-“very bad” to 1-“best possible state of health”); VAS-Visual Analogue Scale (0-“worst state of health” to 100-“best possible state of health”); *3 patients were not able to perform the drawing task of MoCA and were excluded from statistics