Table 1.
Reported effects of in vitro CoQ10 supplementation on cellular CoQ10 levels
| Cell Type | Total Dosage | Treatment Effects |
Refs. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| On CoQ10 levels | On ETC function | |||
| Cells with intact CoQ biosynthesis | ||||
| SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells | 5 µM 3 days | ↑↑↑ (cells) | ND | (354) |
| Human astrocytoma cells & rat embryonic cardiomyocytes | 10 µM 1 day | ↑↑↑ (cells) | NE | (41) |
| Breast cancer cell lines | 9 µM 2 day | ↑↑↑ (mito) | NE | (355) |
| Mouse brown adipocytes | 10 µM 3 h | ↑↑↑ (cells) | NE | (356) |
| Human dermal fibroblasts | 5 µM 1 day | ↑↑↑ (cells) | NE | (351) |
| Mouse embryonic fibroblasts | 2.5 µM 3 days | ↑↑ (cells) | ND | (42) |
| Cells with defective CoQ biosynthesis | ||||
| Human dermal fibroblasts | 5–10 µM 1–7 days | ND | ATP ↑, respiration↑, CI-CIII ↑, CII+CIII ↑ | (80, 115, 351, 357) |
| Mouse embryonic fibroblasts | 2.5–10 µM 3–4 days | ↑↑ (cells)↑↑ (mito) | Respiration↑ | (42, 83) |
Cell treatment with CoQ10 was carried out in the listed studies by adding CoQ10 dissolved in a solvent (such as ethanol) to the culture media. CI-CIII, complex I-III activity, CII-CIII, complex II-III activity; ETC, electron transport chain; mito, mitochondria; ND, not determined; NE, no effect. ↑, <2-fold increase; ↑↑, 2- to 10-fold increase; ↑↑↑, ≥10-fold increase.