Fig. 3.

Maroon farmers have preserved rice varieties from at least four introduction events to the Guianas during (post-)colonial history. a) Summary map and timeline showing the geographical connections and chronology of the historical contexts associated with the Maroon rice genomic groups. [1]: Tropical japonica and African “black” rice (O. glaberrima) varieties from West Africa during the transatlantic slave trade (1526 to 1825). [2]: Long-awned tropical japonica rice by indentured laborers from Java (1890 to 1980). The Javanese ancestry is only detected in admixed form in the Maroon varieties. [3]: Tropical japonica USA cultivar Rexoro (1936 onwards). [4]: An upland indica-3 variety from Hmong refugees (1991). [?]: Cottica Maroons receive deep water indica-3 landraces that ultimately come from Indonesia. Basemap: © Stadia Maps. b) Relative proportions of the various Maroon rice genomic groups observed among Saamaka and Okanisi farmers. Despite their preference difference for certain rice traits, farmers of both Maroon groups cultivate varieties from nearly all genomic groups, demonstrating a shared motivation for maintaining crop diversity.