Table 1.

General characteristics of the included studies.

Study	Intervention arms	Control arm	No. of participants	Inclusion criteria	Follow-up (year)	Age (year)	Female (%)	Outcomes
Connolly 2009[12]	Dabigatran 110 mg twice daily Dabigatran 150 mg twice daily	Warfarin	18,113	Patients with AF with at least 1 additional risk factor for stroke	2	71	36.3	Stroke or systemic embolism, Major bleeding, Intracranial hemorrhage
Granger 2011[16]	Apixaban 5 mg twice daily	Warfarin	18,201	Patients with AF with at least 1 additional risk factor for stroke	1.8	70	35.5	Stroke or systemic embolism, Major bleeding, All bleeding events, Intracranial hemorrhage
Patel 2011[19]	Rivaroxaban 20 mg once daily	Warfarin	14,264	Patients with AF with moderate-to-high risk for stroke	1.9	73	39.7	Stroke or systemic embolism, Major bleeding, Major and nonmajor clinically relevant bleeding events, Intracranial hemorrhage
Hori 2012[17]	Rivaroxaban 15 mg only daily	Warfarin	1280	Patients with AF with at least 1 additional risk factor for stroke	2.5	71.1	17.1	Stroke or systemic embolism, Major bleeding, Major and nonmajor clinically relevant bleeding events
Giugliano 2013[15]	Edoxaban 60 mg only daily Edoxaban 30 mg only daily	Warfarin	21,105	Patients with AF with a CHADS2 score of > 2	2.8	72	38.4	Stroke or systemic embolism, Major bleeding, Intracranial hemorrhage
Lopes 2019[18]	Apixaban 5 mg twice daily	Any VKA	4614	Patients with AF with acute coronary syndrome or those who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention within 14 d of randomization	0.5	70.7	29.1	Stroke or systemic embolism, Major and nonmajor clinically relevant bleeding events
Van Mieghem 2021[20]	Edoxaban 60 mg only daily Edoxaban 30 mg only daily	Any VKA	1426	Patients with AF status after transcatheter aortic valve replacement	1.5	82.1	48.7	Major bleeding

AF = atrial fibrillation, VKA = vitamin K antagonist.