TABLE 3.

Web-based tools for gRNA design.

Tool name	Website	Purpose	Features
CHOPCHOP	https://chopchop.cbu.uib.no/	User-friendly tool for designing gRNAs across multiple CRISPR systems	Analyzes on-target efficacy, off-target predictions, and secondary structures in the gRNA
CRISPOR	http://crispor.gi.ucsc.edu/	Widely used tool for detailed gRNA design and off-target prediction	Generates gRNA candidates, predicts off-target sites, and provides specificity scores and structural visualization
E-CRISP	http://www.e-crisp.org	Interface for designing gRNAs for various organisms with detailed scoring	Provides on-target efficacy and off-target potential analyses
CRISPR-ERA	http://crispr-era.stanford.edu/	Design gRNAs for various CRISPR systems with comprehensive analyses	Identifies target sites, assesses off-target effects, and scores gRNA efficacy and specificity
Cas-Designer	http://www.rgenome.net/cas-designer/	Robust platform supporting multiple CRISPR systems	Evaluates on-target activity and off-target potential comprehensively
CRISPRdirect	https://crispr.dbcls.jp/	Simple tool for designing gRNAs with minimal off-target effects	Identifies target sites quickly with a user-friendly interface
CCTop	http://crispr.cos.uni-heidelberg.de	Design CRISPR/Cas9 gRNAs with high specificity and minimal off-target effects	Identifies target sites, predicts off-target effects, scores gRNA efficiency with an easy-to-use interface
GuideScan	https://guidescan.com/	Focuses on maximizing on-target activity and minimizing off-target effects	Identifies and scores potential gRNAs with thorough off-target prediction