. 2024 Jun 6;34(5):1071–1078. doi: 10.1007/s40670-024-02092-y

Table 3.

Project approaches presented by the students in Module 2 (n = 74), for the cardiorespiratory physiology topic, and by the students in Module 3 (n = 74), for the metabolic physiology topic

Module 2 Physiology of cardiorespiratory interactions	Module 3 Physiology of metabolic interactions
• Laboratory experiment to relate changes in blood pressure and pulmonary ventilation with thermal stress • Video to compare blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rate at rest and after running 400 m • Question × answer game on a free digital platform (Kahoot) to discuss cardiorespiratory adaptations in extreme situations (high altitudes, breath-hold diving, and low and high temperatures) • Question × answer board game about cardiac and respiratory modulations on metabolic adaptations during intense physical activity • Dramatization to explain the autonomic nervous system controls on the cardiorespiratory activities during the daily routines of the medical students • Card games using questions and answers to explain cardiac and respiratory activities during physical exercises • Video on a free digital platform (TikTok) to explain cardiorespiratory adaptations in “fight and flight” situations • Video simulating a TV interview program with a physician to explain cardiorespiratory adaptations in sprinters (100 m) and marathon runners • Board game (STOP) to explain the main physiological mechanisms of the respiratory system • Dramatization to compare cardiorespiratory activities among healthy subjects versus anabolic steroid users	• Question × answer game (“Who wants to be a millionaire”) to explain the hormonal control of metabolic activities • Board games (bingo) to explain the local and synthesis mechanisms, plasma transport, and action mechanisms of some hormones • Question × answer roulette game to correlate the insulin, glucagon, and IGF-1 functions with energy metabolism regulation after eating and during fasting • Question × answer board game about the cortisol, insulin, glucagon, and adrenal catecholamines functions during physical activity and fasting • Video simulating an interview program with a physician to explain the growth hormone actions in physiological situations and in GH-doping situations • “Beer pong” game (with non-alcoholic beverages) to explain the vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide, aldosterone, and parathyroid hormonal effects on kidney function • “2 truths × 1 lie” card game to explain some action mechanisms of the anterior pituitary hormones, insulin, and glucagon on intermediary metabolism • Question × answer games to explain the action mechanisms of insulin and glucagon in glucose metabolism • Video of an experiment comparing glycemic measurements during fasting and 30 min after ingestion of carbohydrates and proteins, in 2 individuals (1 healthy and 1 diabetic)

Module 2
Physiology of cardiorespiratory interactions

Module 3
Physiology of metabolic interactions

• Laboratory experiment to relate changes in blood pressure and pulmonary ventilation with thermal stress

• Video to compare blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rate at rest and after running 400 m

• Question × answer game on a free digital platform (Kahoot) to discuss cardiorespiratory adaptations in extreme situations (high altitudes, breath-hold diving, and low and high temperatures)

• Question × answer board game about cardiac and respiratory modulations on metabolic adaptations during intense physical activity

• Dramatization to explain the autonomic nervous system controls on the cardiorespiratory activities during the daily routines of the medical students

• Card games using questions and answers to explain cardiac and respiratory activities during physical exercises

• Video on a free digital platform (TikTok) to explain cardiorespiratory adaptations in “fight and flight” situations

• Video simulating a TV interview program with a physician to explain cardiorespiratory adaptations in sprinters (100 m) and marathon runners

• Board game (STOP) to explain the main physiological mechanisms of the respiratory system

• Dramatization to compare cardiorespiratory activities among healthy subjects versus anabolic steroid users

• Question × answer game (“Who wants to be a millionaire”) to explain the hormonal control of metabolic activities

• Board games (bingo) to explain the local and synthesis mechanisms, plasma transport, and action mechanisms of some hormones

• Question × answer roulette game to correlate the insulin, glucagon, and IGF-1 functions with energy metabolism regulation after eating and during fasting

• Question × answer board game about the cortisol, insulin, glucagon, and adrenal catecholamines functions during physical activity and fasting

• Video simulating an interview program with a physician to explain the growth hormone actions in physiological situations and in GH-doping situations

• “Beer pong” game (with non-alcoholic beverages) to explain the vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide, aldosterone, and parathyroid hormonal effects on kidney function

• “2 truths × 1 lie” card game to explain some action mechanisms of the anterior pituitary hormones, insulin, and glucagon on intermediary metabolism

• Question × answer games to explain the action mechanisms of insulin and glucagon in glucose metabolism

• Video of an experiment comparing glycemic measurements during fasting and 30 min after ingestion of carbohydrates and proteins, in 2 individuals (1 healthy and 1 diabetic)