Table 1.
Characteristics of the population by potassium categories at screening in the PARAGON‐HF trial
| Characteristics | K+ <4 (n = 592) | K+ 4–5 (n = 3877) | K+ >5 (n = 327) | P‐value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 73 ± 9 | 73 ± 8 | 73 ± 8 | 0.68 |
| Male sex | 260 (43.9%) | 1895 (48.9%) | 162 (49.5%) | 0.07 |
| Race | 0.001 | |||
| White | 444 (75.0%) | 3170 (81.8%) | 293 (89.6%) | |
| Asian | 96 (16.2%) | 485 (12.5%) | 26 (8.0%) | |
| Black | 29 (4.9%) | 71 (1.8%) | 2 (0.6%) | |
| Other | 23 (3.9%) | 151 (3.9%) | 6 (1.8%) | |
| Region | 0.001 | |||
| North America | 114 (19.3%) | 419 (10.8%) | 26 (8.0%) | |
| Latin America | 59 (10.0%) | 294 (7.6%) | 17 (5.2%) | |
| Western Europe | 178 (30.1%) | 1113 (28.7%) | 99 (30.3%) | |
| Central Europe | 128 (21.6%) | 1441 (37.2%) | 146 (44.6%) | |
| Asia‐Pacific or other | 113 (19.1%) | 610 (15.7%) | 39 (11.9%) | |
| SBP, mmHg | 132 ± 16 | 130 ± 15 | 130 ± 15 | 0.09 |
| Heart rate, bpm | 70 ± 13 | 70 ± 12 | 71 ± 12 | 0.98 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 30.2 ± 5.4 | 30.2 ± 5.0 | 30.2 ± 4.8 | 0.98 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 63.5 ± 19.3 | 62.6 ± 19.0 | 60.4 ± 19.5 | 0.05 |
| eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 | 279 (47.1%) | 1886 (48.6%) | 176 (53.8%) | 0.14 |
| BUN, mmol/L | 7.74 ± 3.37 | 8.10 ± 3.17 | 8.79 ± 3.72 | 0.001 |
| Ischaemic HF | 176 (29.7%) | 1417 (36.5%) | 130 (39.8%) | 0.002 |
| LVEF, % | 58.0 ± 7.7 | 57.5 ± 7.9 | 57.3 ± 8.3 | 0.22 |
| NYHA class | 0.79 | |||
| I | 18 (3.0%) | 106 (2.7%) | 13 (4.0%) | |
| II | 452 (76.4%) | 3011 (77.7%) | 245 (74.9%) | |
| III | 119 (20.1%) | 746 (19.2%) | 67 (20.5%) | |
| IV | 3 (0.5%) | 14 (0.4%) | 2 (0.6%) | |
| Hypertension | 569 (96.1%) | 3705 (95.6%) | 310 (94.8%) | 0.65 |
| Diabetes | 246 (41.6%) | 1645 (42.4%) | 171 (52.3%) | 0.002 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 210 (35.5%) | 1243 (32.1%) | 99 (30.3%) | 0.18 |
| Prior HF hospitalisation | 286 (48.3%) | 1849 (47.7%) | 171 (52.3%) | 0.28 |
| MI | 124 (20.9%) | 884 (22.8%) | 75 (22.9%) | 0.6 |
| Stroke | 77 (13.0%) | 399 (10.3%) | 32 (9.8%) | 0.12 |
| Prior ACEi | 217 (36.7%) | 1632 (42.1%) | 132 (40.4%) | 0.041 |
| Prior ARB | 282 (47.6%) | 1799 (46.4%) | 168 (51.4%) | 0.21 |
| Diuretic | 565 (95.4%) | 3703 (95.5%) | 317 (96.9%) | 0.47 |
| Beta‐blocker | 470 (79.4%) | 3090 (79.7%) | 261 (79.8%) | 0.98 |
| MRA | 130 (22.0%) | 1004 (25.9%) | 105 (32.1%) | 0.003 |
| NT‐proBNP, pg/mL | 979 [484–1847] | 901 [465–1562] | 885 [441–1747] | 0.06 |
| Sacubitril/valsartan | 274 (46.3%) | 1968 (50.8%) | 165 (50.5%) | 0.13 |
ACEi, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HF, heart failure; K+, serum potassium (mmol/L); LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MI, myocardial infraction; MRA, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist; NT‐proBNP, N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide; NYHA, New York Heart Association; SBP, systolic blood pressure.