Table 1.

Brief overview of the obstetric conditions discussed in this article

Obstetric Condition	Definition	Diagnosis
Gestational diabetes	Glucose intolerance above an agreed threshold that develops during pregnancy and usually resolves after delivery	Elevated fasting plasma glucose and/or elevated 1 or 2 h plasma glucose following a glucose tolerance test (thresholds vary) (National Institute for Health & Care Excellence, 2015 (updated 2020); Kapur et al., 2020)
Pre‐eclampsia	A multisystem disorder characterised by new‐onset hypertension at 20+0 weeks of pregnancy or later with one or more additional features	Blood pressure ≥140/≥90 mmHg with proteinuria and/or evidence of maternal acute kidney injury, liver dysfunction, neurological features, haemolysis or thrombocytopenia, and/or fetal growth restriction (American College of Obstetricians & Gynecologists, 2020; Brown et al., 2018)
Preterm birth	Birth before 37 completed weeks of gestation	Birth before 37 completed weeks of gestation
Fetal growth restriction	A failure of the fetus to reach its growth potential (Malhotra et al., 2019)	Estimated fetal weight (EFW) or abdominal circumference (AC) <3rd centile or EFW or AC <10th centile with abnormal Doppler velocimetry and/or slowing of fetal growth (Gordijn et al., 2018)

The definitions and diagnostic criteria provided are widely used but not universally agreed.