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. 2024 Aug 13;20(9):5912–5925. doi: 10.1002/alz.14085

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© 2024 The Author(s). Alzheimer's & Dementia published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Alzheimer's Association.

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Structural correlates of education differ between geographical regions. (A) Brain maps showing the association of brain volume with educational attainment, controlled by age and sex. Multiple comparisons were corrected with the threshold‐free cluster method with a p _FWE < 0.05. (B) Top panel: Scatter plots showing geographical comparisons across conditions for brain volume within areas positively associated with educational attainment. Comparisons were computed using the Kruskal–Wallis test. Bottom panel: The effect size of the geographical comparison across conditions. We utilized 5000 bootstrap resamples to calculate the mean differences. TFCE method to account for familywise error was used to correct multiple comparisons. AD, Alzheimer's disease; FTLD, frontotemporal dementia with lobar degeneration; HCs, healthy control; LA, Latin America; TFCE, threshold‐free cluster.