TABLE 3.

Associations between cardiometabolic multimorbidity and plasma Alzheimer's biomarkers (n = 1439).

	β coefficient (95% confidence interval) a , plasma Alzheimer's biomarkers
Cardiometabolic multimorbidity	NfL (pg/mL), log‐transformed	Aβ40 (pg/mL), log‐transformed	Aβ42 (pg/mL)	Total tau (pg/mL)	Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio, ×1000
CMM‐I b
No. of CMDs (range 0‐3)	0.064 (0.026, 0.102) ***	0.029 (0.010, 0.048) **	0.339 (0.110, 0.568) **	−0.009 (−0.084, 0.066)	−0.082 (−1.316, 1.153)
Presence of CMM	0.096 (0.005, 0.186) *	0.062 (0.018, 0.107) *	0.560 (0.020, 1.100) *	−0.018 (−0.194, 0.159)	−0.602 (−3.511, 2.308)
CMM‐II c
No. of CMDs (range 0‐4)	0.052 (0.020, 0.084) **	0.035 (0.020, 0.051) ***	0.424 (0.235, 0.613) ***	0.013 (−0.049, 0.075)	−0.004 (−1.029, 1.020)
Presence of CMM	0.119 (0.051, 0.187) ***	0.077 (0.043, 0.110) ***	0.895 (0.491, 1.299) ***	0.065 (−0.068, 0.197)	−0.060 (−2.248, 2.128)

Abbreviations: Aβ, amyloid β protein; CMDs, cardiometabolic diseases; CMM, cardiometabolic multimorbidity; NfL, neurofilament light chain.

^a β coefficient (95% confidence interval) was adjusted for age, sex, education, occupation, smoking, alcohol drinking, physical inactivity, hypertension, severe depression, and APOE ε4 allele when the CMM‐II was the independent variable, and additionally adjusted for hyperlipidemia when CMM‐I was the independent variable.

^b CMM‐I was defined as the concurrent presence of two or more of the following three cardiometabolic diseases: type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and stroke. Of the 1439 participants, 132 (9.2%) were defined with CMM‐I.

^c CMM‐II was defined as the concurrent presence of two or more of the following four cardiometabolic diseases: visceral obesity, type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and stroke. Of the 1439 participants, 277 (19.2%) were defined with CMM‐II.

^* p < 0.05.

^** p < 0.01.

^*** p < 0.001.