Table 1.
Study locations, periods, and information on suicide events and temperature
| Region and country | No. of locations | Study period | Suicide count | Suicide count, Men (% of the total suicide count) | Suicide count, aged 0-64 (% of the total suicide count) | Suicide rate per 100 000 (WHO) | Average temperature* (ºC) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| North America: | |||||||
| Canada | 26 | 1986-2015 | 51 867 | 38 661 (74.5) | 45 041 (86.8) | 12.0 | 7.2 |
| United States | 134 | 2001-06 | 84 684 | 66 110 (78.1) | 70 581 (83.3) | 11.8 | 15.8 |
| Central America: | |||||||
| Costa Rica | 1 | 2000-17 | 4345 | NA | NA | 6.6 | 22.7 |
| Guatemala | 1 | 2009-18 | 145 | NA | NA | 6.2 | 19.4 |
| Mexico | 10 | 1998-2014 | 26 329 | 21 309 (80.9) | 24 614 (93.5) | 4.4 | 18.3 |
| South America: | |||||||
| Brazil | 15 | 2000-19 | 26 145 | 19 580 (74.9) | 23 828 (91.1) | 4.4 | 22.8 |
| Chile | 1 | 2008-14 | 4876 | 3816 (78.3) | 4401 (90.3) | 11.2 | 15.4 |
| Ecuador | 2 | 2013-19 | 1938 | 1519 (78.4) | 1762 (90.9) | 8.7 | 19.8 |
| Paraguay | 1 | 2004-19 | 549 | NA | NA | 4.8 | 23.3 |
| Africa and Oceania: | |||||||
| Australia | 5 | 2009-18 | 1811 | 1324 (73.1) | 1582 (87.4) | 11.2 | 19.4 |
| South Africa | 52 | 1997-2013 | 6104 | 4721 (77.3) | 5716 (93.6) | 24.2 | 18.2 |
| Asia: | |||||||
| China | 1 | 2015-19 | 1247 | 753 (60.4) | 826 (66.2) | 8.1 | 17.7 |
| Japan | 47 | 1973-2019 | 1 130 219 | 759 676 (67.2) | 827 160 (73.2) | 24.0 | 15.2 |
| South Korea | 36 | 1997-2019 | 154 465 | 105 500 (68.3) | 117 975 (76.4) | 26.7 | 13.6 |
| Philippines | 8 | 2006-19 | 2672 | 1773 (66.4) | 2596 (97.2) | 2.1 | 28.3 |
| Taiwan | 3 | 1994-2014 | 23 405 | 15 495 (66.2) | 18 494 (79.0) | NA | 23.8 |
| Vietnam | 1 | 2010-13 | 460 | 336 (73.0) | 432 (93.9) | 7.3 | 28.5 |
| Europe: | |||||||
| Czech Republic | 3 | 2003-19 | 4317 | 3363 (77.9) | 2911 (67.4) | 15.4 | 9.5 |
| Estonia | 5 | 2005-15 | 1096 | 807 (73.6) | 792 (72.3) | 22.6 | 6.4 |
| Finland | 310 | 1971-2018 | 55 028 | 42 750 (77.7) | 44 670 (84.8) | 16.6 | 4.1 |
| Germany | 1 | 1990-2006 | 3972 | 2629 (66.2) | 2764 (69.6) | 14.0 | 9.9 |
| Italy | 1 | 2006-15 | 1606 | 1149 (71.5) | 1075 (66.9) | 7.1 | 16.0 |
| Romania | 8 | 1999-2016 | 5380 | 4281 (79.6) | 4263 (79.2) | 12.3 | 11.1 |
| Spain | 50 | 1990-2013 | 21 998 | 15 650 (71.1) | 15 425 (70.1) | 7.9 | 16.4 |
| Switzerland | 8 | 1978-2016 | 37 313 | 24 857 (66.6) | 24 755 (66.3) | 17.8 | 9.8 |
| United Kingdom | 10 | 2001-14 | 49 315 | 38 293 (77.6) | 41 413 (84.0) | 8.1 | 10.6 |
Suicide rate per 100 000: age standardised suicide mortality rate per 100 000 people from 2000 to 2019 (provided by the WHO Global Health Estimates; https://www.who.int/data/global-health-estimates).
NA=not available.
*
The average temperature indicates a suicide count-weighted average of daily mean temperature across cities and locations.