Table 1.
Basic Characteristics of Participants According to the MAFLD and Non-MAFLD Group
| Characteristics | Total | Non-MAFLD Group | MAFLD Group | t/z/ χ2 | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | |||||
| Female | 2374 (43.9%) | 1716 (61.9%) | 658 (25.0%) | 747.253 | <0.001*** |
| Male | 3029 (56.1%) | 1055 (38.1%) | 1974 (75.0%) | ||
| Alcohol drinking | |||||
| No | 2966 (54.9%) | 1824 (65.8%) | 1142 (43.4%) | 274.362 | <0.001*** |
| Yes | 2437 (45.1%) | 947 (34.2%) | 1490 (56.6%) | ||
| Smoking | |||||
| No | 3860 (71.4%) | 2254 (81.3%) | 1606 (61.0%) | 273.245 | <0.001*** |
| Yes | 1543 (28.6%) | 517 (18.7%) | 1026 (39.0%) | ||
| Age | 39.98±11.41 | 37.09±11.00 | 43.02±11.03 | −19.762 | <0.001*** |
| SBP (mmHg) | 123.33±16.54 | 117.36±14.34 | 129.61±16.37 | −29.189 | <0.001*** |
| DBP (mmHg) | 77.38±11.97 | 72.94±10.29 | 82.05±11.84 | −30.132 | <0.001*** |
| GGT (IU/L) | 38.28±50.38 | 24.22±37.30 | 53.09±57.62 | −21.735 | <0.001*** |
| ALP (IU/L) | 74.23±22.40 | 68.37±21.81 | 80.39±21.35 | −20.452 | <0.001*** |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.79±1.57 | 1.18±0.91 | 2.44±1.83 | −31.841 | <0.001*** |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 3.14±0.71 | 2.93±0.67 | 3.35±0.70 | −22.474 | <0.001*** |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.29±0.30 | 1.41±0.30 | 1.17±0.25 | 32.056 | <0.001*** |
| TC (mmol/L) | 5.04±0.99 | 4.82±0.91 | 5.28±1.01 | −17.901 | <0.001*** |
| FPG (mmol/L) | 5.78±1.37 | 5.41±0.73 | 6.16±1.74 | −20.369 | <0.001*** |
| TBIL (umol/L) | 14.52±5.59 | 14.23±5.83 | 14.79±5.34 | −3.157 | 0.002 |
| DBIL (umol/L) | 2.64±1.10 | 2.62±1.16 | 2.66±1.03 | −1.161 | 0.246 |
| IBIL (umol/L) | 11.88±4.75 | 11.61±4.90 | 12.13±4.59 | −3.441 | 0.001*** |
| UA (umol/L) | 372.91±101.68 | 330.45±84.65 | 417.62±98.93 | −34.711 | <0.001*** |
| Alb (g/L) | 44.78±2.42 | 44.65±2.37 | 44.92±2.47 | −3.998 | <0.001*** |
| TP (g/L) | 74.64±3.87 | 74.53±3.86 | 74.76±3.88 | −2.140 | 0.032 |
| G (g/L) | 29.86±3.21 | 29.88±3.21 | 29.84±3.21 | 0.447 | 0.655 |
| HGB (g/L) | 148.16±16.29 | 142.4±15.93 | 154.23±14.33 | −28.724 | <0.001*** |
| WBC (10^9/L) | 5.99±1.58 | 5.66±1.51 | 6.34±1.58 | −16.193 | <0.001*** |
| PLT(10^9/L) | 222.32±55.49 | 220.32±54.72 | 224.42±56.22 | −2.718 | 0.007 |
| ALT (IU/L) | 22.80 (14.90~36.10) | 19.10 (13.40~28.70) | 33.00 (24.20~50.60) | −39.953 | <0.001*** |
| AST (IU/L) | 22.40 (18.80 ~28.20) | 21.70 (18.5~26.60) | 25.70 (21.4~32.70) | −27.916 | <0.001*** |
| TBA (mmol/L) | 2.90 (1.90~4.50) | 2.70 (1.80~4.40) | 3.10 (2.10~4.50) | −3.677 | <0.001*** |
| BMI | 24.82±3.72 | 22.6±2.88 | 27.15±3.01 | −56.799 | <0.001*** |
| WC (cm) | 83.58±10.94 | 76.79±8.80 | 90.72±8.06 | −60.750 | <0.001*** |
| WHtR | 0.51±0.06 | 0.47±0.05 | 0.55±0.05 | −57.116 | <0.001*** |
| HSI | 34.52±5.89 | 30.9±4.30 | 38.34±4.81 | −59.863 | <0.001*** |
| TyG | 8.77±0.71 | 8.38±0.54 | 9.19±0.64 | −50.361 | <0.001*** |
| BAI | 28.12±3.56 | 27.35±3.39 | 28.94±3.56 | −16.846 | <0.001*** |
| LAP | 29.97 (13.64~56.1) | 17.28 (9.36~31.32) | 55.89 (36.48~90.24) | −50.175 | <0.001*** |
| VAI | 1.60 (0.98~2.65) | 1.14 (0.79~1.82) | 2.54 (1.71~3.92) | −42.194 | <0.001*** |
| CMI | 0.56 (0.30~1.01) | 0.38 (0.24~0.60) | 1.01 (0.67~1.62) | −46.909 | <0.001*** |
| FLI | 30.66 (8.28~61.99) | 13.74 (5.19~33.93) | 64.05 (43.13~80.63) | −52.452 | <0.001*** |
Notes: ***P<0.001. Categorical variables are described in N(%), Continuous variables are described by X±S or M (P25~P75) according to whether they are normally distributed.
Abbreviations: SBP, Systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; GGT, gamma glutamyl transferase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; TG, triglycerides; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TC, total cholesterol; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; TBIL, total bilirubin; DBIL, direct bilirubin; IBIL, indirect bilirubin; UA, uric acid; Alb, albumin; TP, total protein; G, globulin; HGB, hemoglobin; WBC, white blood cells; PLT, platelet count; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; TBA, total bile acids; BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference index; WHtR, waist to height ratio; HSI, hepatic steatosis index; TyG, triglyceride-glucose index; BAI, body adiposity index; LAP, accumulation product; VAI, visceral fat index; CMI, lipid cardiometabolic index; FLI, fatty liver index.