Table 2.

Association between baseline risk factors and fracture: compare the regression coefficients between the conventional Cox’s proportional hazard model with no competing risk adjustment, and the competing risk models, including the cause-specific model, the Fine-Gray model, and the multistate model

	Model with no competing risk adjustment	Model with competing risk adjustment
	Conventional Cox’s proportional hazard model	Cause-specific model		Fine-Gray model	Multistate model
Outcome of interest	Fracture	Fracture	Death	Fracture	Fracture
Predictors
Sex (women)	1.44 (1.19, 1.74)	1.44 (1.19, 1.74)	0.58 (0.49, 0.68)	1.72 (1.45, 2.04)	1.44 (1.19, 1.74)
Age (+ 1 year)	1.03 (1.02, 1.05)	1.03 (1.02, 1.05)	1.13 (1.11, 1.14)	0.99 (0.98, 1.01)	1.03 (1.02, 1.05)
Femoral neck bone mineral density T-score (− 1)	1.50 (1.38, 1.63)	1.50 (1.38, 1.63)	0.99 (0.91, 1.07)	1.41 (1.32, 1.51)	1.50 (1.38, 1.63)
History of falls in the last 12 months	1.07 (0.94, 1.22)	1.07 (0.94, 1.23)	0.77 (0.66, 0.91)	1.20 (1.07, 1.35)	1.07 (0.94, 1.23)
Prior fracture after the age of 50 years prior to recruitment	1.92 (1.56, 2.37)	1.92 (1.56, 2.37)	1.25 (0.95, 1.63)	1.62 (1.35, 1.95)	1.92 (1.56, 2.37)
Discriminative performance
C-statistic (95% CI)	0.70 (0.68, 0.72)	0.70 (0.68, 0.72)	0.73 (0.71, 0.75)	0.68 (0.66, 0.70)	0.71 (0.70, 0.73)

Data presented as hazard ratios (95% CI), unless otherwise indicated