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. 2024 Oct 9;10:e58564. doi: 10.2196/58564

Table 3.

Annual percentage changes in child growth failure in children younger than 5 years in Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Qinghai, and Shaanxi provinces in China.

Location Stunting Wasting Underweight

Year APCa (95% CI) P value Year APC (95% CI) P value Year APC (95% CI) P value
Henan 2000-2005 –2.93 (–2.98 to –2.89) <.001 2000-2007 –0.99 (–1.01 to –0.98) <.001 2000-2005 –3.21 (–3.26 to –3.16) <.001
Henan 2005-2009 –2.25 (–2.83 to –1.67) <.001 2007-2010 –0.70 (–0.87 to –0.53) <.001 2005-2010 –3.95 (–4.02 to –3.87) <.001
Henan 2009-2014 –1.50 (–1.56 to –1.44) <.001 2010-2017 –0.28 (–0.30 to –0.25) <.001 2010-2017 –1.89 (–1.94 to –1.85) <.001
Henan 2014-2019 –0.18 (–1.17 to 0.82) .70 2017-2019 –0.04 (–0.30 to 0.21) .71 2017-2019 –0.10 (–0.46 to 0.28) .58
Hubei 2000-2007 –4.72 (–5.12 to –4.33) <.001 2000-2009 –1.04 (–1.04 to –1.03) <.001 2000-2004 –5.90 (–6.02 to –5.78) <.001
Hubei 2007-2010 –1.52 (–2.71 to –0.33) .02 2009-2012 –0.47 (–0.58 to –0.35) <.001 2004-2007 –3.50 (–3.91 to –3.09) <.001
Hubei 2010-2017 –0.56 (–2.12 to 1.03) .44 2012-2017 –0.37 (–0.40 to –0.35) <.001 2007-2017 –2.08 (–2.12 to –2.03) <.001
Hubei 2017-2019 –1.40 (–1.56 to –1.24) <.001 2017-2019 –0.07 (–0.23 to 0.08) .31 2017-2019 0.01 (–0.70 to 0.73) .97
Hunan 2000-2004 –2.88 (–3.00 to –2.77) <.001 2000-2005 –0.90 (–0.91 to –0.88) <.001 2000-2004 –3.29 (–3.36 to –3.22) <.001
Hunan 2004-2007 –2.01 (–2.27 to –1.74) <.001 2005-2010 –0.68 (–0.70 to –0.66) <.001 2004-2009 –2.88 (–2.97 to –2.78) <.001
Hunan 2007-2010 –1.23 (–1.25 to –1.20) <.001 2010-2017 –0.35 (–0.36 to –0.34) <.001 2009-2017 –1.79 (–1.83 to –1.75) <.001
Hunan 2010-2019 –0.24 (–1.22 to 0.75) .60 2017-2019 –0.03 (–0.17 to 0.11) .65 2017-2019 –0.11 (–0.64 to 0.43) .66
Jiangsu 2000-2004 –3.96 (–4.01 to –3.90) <.001 2000-2009 –0.98 (–0.99 to –0.97) <.001 2000-2005 –3.78 (–3.85 to –3.71) <.001
Jiangsu 2004-2008 –2.23 (–2.35 to –2.12) <.001 2009-2012 –0.51 (–0.61 to –0.40) <.001 2005-2010 –3.09 (–3.21 to –2.96) <.001
Jiangsu 2008-2017 –1.31 (–1.37 to –1.26) <.001 2012-2017 –0.35 (–0.37 to –0.32) <.001 2010-2017 –1.46 (–1.54 to –1.39) <.001
Jiangsu 2017-2019 –0.02 (–1.02 to 0.99) .97 2017-2019 –0.02 (–0.15 to 0.11) .77 2017-2019 –0.04 (–0.77 to 0.70) .91
Jiangxi 2000-2005 –4.15 (–4.30 to –4.01) <.001 2000-2007 –1.22 (–1.24 to –1.21) <.001 2000-2007 –4.41 (–4.49 to –4.34) <.001
Jiangxi 2005-2010 –3.08 (–3.41 to –2.74) <.001 2007-2010 –0.97 (–1.06 to –0.88) <.001 2007-2010 –3.74 (–4.30 to –3.17) <.001
Jiangxi 2010-2017 –2.04 (–2.07 to –2.02) <.001 2010-2017 –0.30 (–0.32 to –0.29) <.001 2010-2017 –2.40 (–2.50 to –2.29) <.001
Jiangxi 2017-2019 –0.14 (–1.24 to 0.98) .79 2017-2019 0.01 (–0.14 to 0.15) .93 2017-2019 –0.02 (–1.08 to 1.05) .97
Jilin 2000-2004 –3.74 (–3.93 to –3.55) <.001 2000-2006 –0.85 (–0.87 to –0.84) <.001 2000-2003 –3.80 (–4.00 to –3.60) <.001
Jilin 2004-2008 –1.53 (–1.67 to –1.38) <.001 2006-2009 –1.00 (–1.11 to –0.89) <.001 2003-2009 –2.85 (–2.97 to –2.74) <.001
Jilin 2008-2017 –1.76 (–1.85 to –1.67) <.001 2009-2014 –0.43 (–0.47 to –0.40) <.001 2009-2016 –2.20 (–2.31 to –2.10) <.001
Jilin 2017-2019 0.29 (–0.83 to 1.43) .57 2014-2019 –0.02 (–0.05 to 0.01) .23 2016-2019 –0.29 (–0.67 to 0.10) .12
Liaoning 2000-2004 –5.11 (–5.31 to –4.92) <.001 2000-2004 –0.98 (–1.01 to –0.94) <.001 2000-2005 –4.89 (–4.98 to –4.80) <.001
Liaoning 2004-2010 –2.74 (–3.31 to –2.16) <.001 2004-2008 –0.69 (–0.75 to –0.63) <.001 2005-2009 –3.01 (–3.32 to –2.71) <.001
Liaoning 2010-2017 –1.25 (–1.57 to –0.93) <.001 2008-2011 –0.31 (–0.44 to –0.18) <.001 2009-2014 –1.40 (–1.60 to –1.20) <.001
Liaoning 2017-2019 –0.57 (–0.67 to –0.46) <.001 2011-2019 –0.03 (–0.04 to –0.01) .006 2014-2019 –0.49 (–0.67 to –0.30) <.001
Inner Mongolia 2000-2004 –7.74 (–7.82 to –7.67) <.001 2000-2005 –0.92 (–0.94 to –0.90) <.001 2000-2004 –8.00 (–8.25 to –7.75) <.001
Inner Mongolia 2004-2007 –5.10 (–6.02 to –4.17) <.001 2005-2009 –1.38 (–1.44 to –1.32) <.001 2004-2009 –6.28 (–6.60 to –5.96) <.001
Inner Mongolia 2007-2011 –2.53 (–2.94 to –2.12) <.001 2009-2013 –0.47 (–0.52 to –0.42) <.001 2009-2014 –2.72 (–3.06 to –2.38) <.001
Inner Mongolia 2011-2019 –0.69 (–1.85 to 0.49) .22 2013-2019 –0.05 (–0.07 to –0.02) .004 2014-2019 –1.02 (–1.38 to –0.67) <.001
Ningxia 2000-2008 –8.16 (–8.28 to –8.03) <.001 2000-2005 –0.99 (–1.01 to –0.97) <.001 2000-2007 –8.68 (–8.80 to –8.55) <.001
Ningxia 2008-2011 –4.89 (–5.99 to –3.77) <.001 2005-2009 –1.26 (–1.32 to –1.20) <.001 2007-2010 –6.64 (–7.69 to –5.58) <.001
Ningxia 2011-2016 –2.64 (–2.88 to –2.40) <.001 2009-2012 –0.22 (–0.33 to –0.12) .001 2010-2017 –2.24 (–2.44 to –2.03) <.001
Ningxia 2016-2019 0.04 (–2.69 to 2.85) .97 2012-2019 –0.05 (–0.07 to –0.04) <.001 2017-2019 0.28 (–1.28 to 1.87) .70
Qinghai 2000-2008 –3.19 (–3.26 to –3.11) <.001 2000-2005 –0.85 (–0.90 to –0.80) <.001 2000-2009 –3.67 (–3.69 to –3.65) <.001
Qinghai 2008-2011 –2.65 (–2.80 to –2.51) <.001 2005-2009 –1.15 (–1.29 to –1.01) <.001 2009-2012 –2.96 (–3.22 to –2.69) <.001
Qinghai 2011-2017 –2.07 (–2.08 to –2.05) <.001 2009-2012 –0.46 (–0.72 to –0.20) .003 2012-2017 –2.53 (–2.62 to –2.43) <.001
Qinghai 2017-2019 –0.13 (–0.50 to 0.24) .45 2012-2019 –0.16 (–0.20 to –0.12) <.001 2017-2019 –0.02 (–0.35 to 0.31) .89
Shaanxi 2000-2003 –4.35 (–4.50 to –4.20) <.001 2000-2005 –0.69 (–0.72 to –0.66) <.001 2000-2004 –4.37 (–4.51 to –4.24) <.001
Shaanxi 2003-2006 –2.91 (–3.18 to –2.64) <.001 2005-2010 –0.95 (–1.00 to –0.90) <.001 2004-2010 –3.75 (–3.85 to –3.65) <.001
Shaanxi 2006-2017 –1.67 (–1.70 to –1.64) <.001 2010-2017 –0.27 (–0.29 to –0.24) <.001 2010-2017 –2.00 (–2.08 to –1.92) <.001
Shaanxi 2017-2019 –0.04 (–1.02 to 0.95) .93 2017-2019 0.04 (–0.18 to 0.27) .66 2017-2019 0.10 (–0.54 to 0.74) .74

aAPC: annual percentage change.