Table 4.
Annual percentage changes in child growth failure in children younger than 5 years in Shandong, Shanghai Shanxi, Sichuan, Tianjin, Xinjiang, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang, Hong Kong, and Macao provinces in China.
| Location | Stunting | Wasting | Underweight | ||||||||
|
|
Year | APCa (95% CI) | P value | Year | APC (95% CI) | P value | Year | APC (95% CI) | P value | ||
| Shandong | 2000-2004 | –7.83 (–9.11 to –6.53) | <.001 | 2000-2004 | –1.54 (–1.60 to –1.48) | <.001 | 2000-2004 | –6.08 (–6.24 to –5.92) | <.001 | ||
| Shandong | 2004-2008 | –5.33 (–6.96 to –3.67) | <.001 | 2004-2007 | –0.96 (–1.15 to –0.77) | <.001 | 2004-2007 | –2.70 (–3.33 to –2.08) | <.001 | ||
| Shandong | 2008-2017 | –2.13 (–2.19 to –2.06) | <.001 | 2007-2010 | –0.56 (–0.76 to –0.35) | <.001 | 2007-2017 | –1.29 (–1.35 to –1.22) | <.001 | ||
| Shandong | 2017-2019 | –0.30 (–3.65 to 3.18) | .85 | 2010-2019 | –0.11 (–0.13 to –0.09) | <.001 | 2017-2019 | –0.07 (–1.20 to 1.08) | .90 | ||
| Shanghai | 2000-2002 | –5.58 (–7.20 to –3.93) | <.001 | 2000-2005 | –0.57 (–0.60 to –0.55) | <.001 | 2000-2004 | –4.51 (–4.79 to –4.22) | <.001 | ||
| Shanghai | 2002-2005 | –2.99 (–5.11 to –0.82) | .01 | 2005-2009 | –0.67 (–0.74 to –0.59) | <.001 | 2004-2007 | –0.08 (–1.16 to 1.01) | .87 | ||
| Shanghai | 2005-2017 | 1.52 (1.18 to 1.86) | <.001 | 2009-2015 | –0.02 (–0.06 to 0.01) | .16 | 2007-2015 | 0.17 (0.01 to 0.32) | .04 | ||
| Shanghai | 2017-2019 | –0.27 (–0.53 to –0.01) | .045 | 2015-2019 | –0.11 (–0.16 to –0.07) | <.001 | 2015-2019 | –1.07 (–1.50 to –0.63) | <.001 | ||
| Shanxi | 2000-2002 | –4.10 (–4.31 to –3.89) | <.001 | 2000-2005 | –0.66 (–0.69 to –0.63) | <.001 | 2000-2003 | –4.23 (–4.46 to –4.00) | <.001 | ||
| Shanxi | 2002-2005 | –2.77 (–3.32 to –2.21) | <.001 | 2005-2009 | –1.00 (–1.09 to –0.91) | <.001 | 2003-2010 | –3.50 (–3.60 to –3.41) | <.001 | ||
| Shanxi | 2005-2011 | –1.72 (–1.76 to –1.68) | <.001 | 2009-2012 | –0.28 (–0.44 to –0.11) | .004 | 2010-2017 | –1.90 (–2.00 to –1.81) | <.001 | ||
| Shanxi | 2011-2019 | 0.25 (–1.17 to 1.69) | .70 | 2012-2019 | –0.03 (–0.06 to 0.00) | .02 | 2017-2019 | 0.34 (–0.51 to 1.19) | .39 | ||
| Sichuan | 2000-2004 | –6.16 (–7.23 to –5.07) | <.001 | 2000-2009 | –1.01 (–1.03 to –1.00) | <.001 | 2000-2005 | –7.35 (–7.48 to –7.21) | <.001 | ||
| Sichuan | 2004-2007 | –6.92 (–7.08 to –6.75) | <.001 | 2009-2012 | –0.40 (–0.62 to –0.17) | .004 | 2005-2010 | –8.53 (–8.74 to –8.32) | <.001 | ||
| Sichuan | 2007-2017 | –3.87 (–4.50 to –3.25) | <.001 | 2012-2017 | –0.21 (–0.27 to –0.15) | <.001 | 2010-2016 | –3.27 (–3.49 to –3.05) | <.001 | ||
| Sichuan | 2017-2019 | –1.41 (–1.96 to –0.85) | <.001 | 2017-2019 | –0.02 (–0.31 to 0.28) | .91 | 2016-2019 | –0.66 (–1.26 to –0.06) | .04 | ||
| Tianjin | 2000-2002 | –5.66 (–5.83 to –5.49) | <.001 | 2000-2006 | –0.71 (–0.74 to –0.69) | <.001 | 2000-2004 | –5.31 (–5.45 to –5.18) | <.001 | ||
| Tianjin | 2002-2010 | –1.19 (–1.68 to –0.70) | <.001 | 2006-2009 | –0.77 (–1.01 to –0.54) | <.001 | 2004-2008 | –2.31 (–2.55 to –2.08) | <.001 | ||
| Tianjin | 2010-2015 | –0.23 (–0.50 to 0.03) | .08 | 2009-2012 | –0.27 (–0.48 to –0.06) | .02 | 2008-2017 | –0.90 (–0.96 to –0.84) | <.001 | ||
| Tianjin | 2015-2019 | –0.59 (–0.67 to –0.50) | <.001 | 2012-2019 | –0.11 (–0.14 to –0.07) | <.001 | 2017-2019 | –0.06 (–0.89 to 0.78) | .88 | ||
| Xinjiang | 2000-2004 | –3.54 (–3.70 to –3.38) | <.001 | 2000-2005 | –0.68 (–0.73 to –0.63) | <.001 | 2000-2010 | –3.74 (–3.78 to –3.71) | <.001 | ||
| Xinjiang | 2004-2007 | –2.44 (–2.65 to –2.23) | <.001 | 2005-2009 | –1.15 (–1.28 to –1.01) | <.001 | 2010-2014 | –1.58 (–1.83 to –1.32) | <.001 | ||
| Xinjiang | 2007-2011 | –1.43 (–1.51 to –1.34) | <.001 | 2009-2012 | –0.31 (–0.56 to –0.07) | .02 | 2014-2017 | –2.24 (–2.76 to –1.71) | <.001 | ||
| Xinjiang | 2011-2019 | –0.52 (–1.52 to 0.49) | .27 | 2012-2019 | –0.15 (–0.18 to –0.11) | <.001 | 2017-2019 | –0.09 (–0.71 to 0.53) | .75 | ||
| Xizang | 2000-2004 | –2.11 (–2.23 to –1.99) | <.001 | 2000-2005 | –0.36 (–0.41 to –0.32) | <.001 | 2000-2005 | –2.60 (–2.67 to –2.53) | <.001 | ||
| Xizang | 2004-2009 | –0.72 (–0.77 to –0.67) | <.001 | 2005-2009 | –0.89 (–0.99 to –0.80) | <.001 | 2005-2014 | –1.67 (–1.72 to –1.63) | <.001 | ||
| Xizang | 2009-2017 | –1.55 (–1.82 to –1.28) | <.001 | 2009-2012 | –0.32 (–0.51 to –0.12) | .005 | 2014-2017 | –2.10 (–2.60 to –1.61) | <.001 | ||
| Xizang | 2017-2019 | –0.13 (–0.87 to 0.61) | .70 | 2012-2019 | –0.12 (–0.15 to –0.09) | <.001 | 2017-2019 | –0.13 (–0.70 to 0.45) | .63 | ||
| Yunnan | 2000-2004 | –5.06 (–5.19 to –4.93) | <.001 | 2000-2005 | –0.81 (–0.83 to –0.79) | <.001 | 2000-2004 | –6.62 (–6.79 to –6.45) | <.001 | ||
| Yunnan | 2004-2013 | –6.02 (–6.11 to –5.92) | <.001 | 2005-2010 | –1.12 (–1.15 to –1.09) | <.001 | 2004-2010 | –7.62 (–7.75 to –7.49) | <.001 | ||
| Yunnan | 2013-2017 | –3.26 (–3.34 to –3.19) | <.001 | 2010-2017 | –0.34 (–0.36 to –0.32) | <.001 | 2010-2017 | –3.37 (–3.49 to –3.25) | <.001 | ||
| Yunnan | 2017-2019 | 0.17 (–0.82 to 1.17) | .71 | 2017-2019 | –0.03 (–0.19 to 0.14) | .74 | 2017-2019 | 0.23 (–0.79 to 1.26) | .63 | ||
| Zhejiang | 2000-2004 | –7.83 (–8.16 to –7.49) | <.001 | 2000-2005 | –0.86 (–0.89 to –0.84) | <.001 | 2000-2004 | –7.90 (–8.25 to –7.56) | <.001 | ||
| Zhejiang | 2004-2010 | –5.71 (–6.19 to –5.22) | <.001 | 2005-2009 | –0.91 (–0.97 to –0.84) | <.001 | 2004-2009 | –5.98 (–6.35 to –5.61) | <.001 | ||
| Zhejiang | 2010-2017 | –2.70 (–3.02 to –2.38) | <.001 | 2009-2012 | –0.05 (–0.18 to 0.08) | .37 | 2009-2013 | –2.29 (–2.89 to –1.68) | <.001 | ||
| Zhejiang | 2017-2019 | –1.14 (–1.55 to –0.73) | <.001 | 2012-2019 | 0.02 (0.00 to 0.04) | .04 | 2013-2019 | –1.03 (–1.31 to –0.75) | <.001 | ||
| Hong Kong | 2000-2004 | –0.22 (–0.26 to –0.18) | <.001 | 2000-2007 | 1.91 (1.75 to 2.07) | <.001 | 2000-2005 | –0.79 (–0.84 to –0.74) | <.001 | ||
| Hong Kong | 2004-2009 | –1.09 (–1.16 to –1.02) | <.001 | 2007-2011 | 0.50 (–0.21 to 1.22) | .14 | 2005-2013 | –1.21 (–1.24 to –1.18) | <.001 | ||
| Hong Kong | 2009-2014 | –2.27 (–2.31 to –2.23) | <.001 | 2011-2017 | –2.47 (–2.70 to –2.25) | <.001 | 2013-2017 | –1.04 (–1.15 to –0.93) | <.001 | ||
| Hong Kong | 2014-2019 | –0.17 (–0.73 to 0.39) | .51 | 2017-2019 | –0.61 (–2.62 to 1.45) | .52 | 2017-2019 | 0.03 (–0.33 to 0.39) | .86 | ||
| Macao | 2000-2006 | –3.14 (–3.24 to –3.05) | <.001 | 2000-2005 | 0.70 (0.63 to 0.78) | <.001 | 2000-2005 | –2.11 (–2.15 to –2.06) | <.001 | ||
| Macao | 2006-2011 | –0.11 (–0.15 to –0.08) | <.001 | 2005-2010 | –0.22 (–0.31 to –0.13) | <.001 | 2005-2010 | –0.98 (–1.04 to –0.93) | <.001 | ||
| Macao | 2011-2017 | –0.92 (–0.96 to –0.88) | <.001 | 2010-2017 | –0.85 (–0.90 to –0.79) | <.001 | 2010-2016 | –1.39 (–1.43 to –1.34) | <.001 | ||
| Macao | 2017-2019 | 0.13 (–0.49 to 0.76) | .65 | 2017-2019 | 0.03 (–0.55 to 0.61) | .91 | 2016-2019 | –0.26 (–0.41 to –0.11) | .003 | ||
aAPC: annual percentage change.