Figure 2.

(a) Illustration of the planar layers of the cell, as well as their fixed/ranged thicknesses: rear gold reflector, Spiro-OMeTAD hole transporting layer, Perovskite layer, SnO₂ electron transporting layer and the top ITO electrode. The ITO and Spiro thicknesses are defined as optimization variables. (b) Chromaticity, left, and current density, right, profiles of the planar configuration of the solar cells, for a range of ITO and Spiro-OMeTAD thickness values. The current density profile highlights the optimal point, attained by Particle Swarm Optimization.