Table 2. Mean scores of the outcome variables for intervention and control groups across study time points and the baseline comparisons.
| Outcome variables andgroup | T0 (baseline),mean (SD) | T1 (3 months),mean (SD) | T2 (6 months),mean (SD) | Comparison of groups at T0 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| t test (df) | P value | |||||
| Participants (n) | ||||||
| Control | 164 | 125 | 111 | |||
| VRa | 163 | 121 | 101 | |||
| DT b | 1.306 (325) | .19 | ||||
| Control | 5.15 (2.35) | 4.63 (1.91) | 4.27 (2.21) | |||
| VR | 4.83 (2.05) | 3.27 (1.81) | 3.01 (1.96) | |||
| QL c | −0.843 (325) | .40 | ||||
| Control | 46.87 (24.28) | 55.12 (19.58) | 54.12 (18.15) | |||
| VR | 48.93 (19.49) | 60.56 (17.95) | 62.87 (22.10) | |||
| PF d | −0.392 (325) | .70 | ||||
| Control | 63.54 (23.08) | 65.54 (22.57) | 65.93 (20.71) | |||
| VR | 64.54 (23.22) | 72.63 (19.01) | 80.20 (18.70) | |||
| RF e | −0.271 (325) | .79 | ||||
| Control | 62.91 (30.74) | 66.33 (26.35) | 68.31 (22.51) | |||
| VR | 63.80 (29.14) | 70.31 (27.35) | 79.70 (24.56) | |||
| EF f | −1.108 (325) | .27 | ||||
| Control | 63.92 (19.14) | 58.66 (24.03) | 62.91 (26.07) | |||
| VR | 66.36 (20.60) | 74.76 (18.58) | 79.62 (19.49) | |||
| CF g | −1.281 (325) | .20 | ||||
| Control | 71.85 (21.57) | 65.18 (24.51) | 67.40 (26.52) | |||
| VR | 74.95 (22.17) | 81.11 (17.91) | 81.02 (20.42) | |||
| SF h | −1.776 (325) | .08 | ||||
| Control | 57.42 (27.27) | 54.13 (26.18) | 59.34 (21.55) | |||
| VR | 62.88 (28.35) | 63.97 (25.12) | 72.94 (21.72) | |||
a
VR: virtual reality.
b
DT: Distress Thermometer.
c
QL: global health status or quality of life scale.
d
PF: physical functioning.
e
RF: role functioning.
f
EF: emotional functioning.
g
CF: cognitive functioning.
h
SF: social functioning.