TABLE 2.
Changes in weight, body composition, cardiometabolic risk factors, laboratory measures, liver health, and physical function outcomes after a 24‐week weight management intervention for patients with cirrhosis and obesity featuring either a LCD or ADMF.
| Outcome | Baseline | Follow‐up | Change (pre—Post) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LCD | ADMF | LCD | ADMF | LCD | ADMF | |
| Weight loss, kg | 108.2 (25.9) | 99.9 (16.5) | 96.0 (23.7) | 90.8 (12.9) | −9.9 (6.9) a | −13.7 (4.8) a |
| Weight loss, % | −10.7 (6.9) | −13.9 (1.1) | ||||
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 40.0 (2.9) | 33.9 (3.4) | 36.2 (4.4) | 29.6 (1.6) | −3.8 (3.0) a | −4.7 (2.7) a |
| Body fat, % | 47.3 (3.5) | 43.3 (5.6) | 45.8 (3.1) | 38.6 (8.3) | −2.8 (1.4) | −4.1 (4.0) |
| Fat–Mass, kg | 51.0 (11.3) | 42.3 (7.2) | 42.8 (14.8) | 35.3 (8.0) | −5.8 (4.7) | −9.0 (2.6) |
| Fat‐free mass, kg | 59.9 (6.3) | 56.4 (9.7) | 56.0 (9.0) | 49.5 (11.5) | −5.4 (2.4) | −3.7 (1.5) |
| Leg lean muscle, kg | 11.8 (1.4) | 12.5 (1.0) | 10.8 (1.6) | 11.4 (2.6) | −1 (0.3) | −0.8 (1) |
| Systolic BP, mm Hg | 130 (20) | 127 (5) | 126 (15) | 126 (6) | −3 (14) | −4 (9) |
| Diastolic BP, mm Hg | 74 (2) | 80 (9) | 70 (10) | 86 (12) | 2 (13) | 3 (13) |
| Heart rate, beats/min | 74 (5) | 65 (9) | 60 (5) | 68 (12) | −13 (10) | 1 (6) |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 14.7 (0.2) | 14.8 (0.6) | 14.6 (0.5) | 15.2 (0.3) | 0.2 (0.7) | 0.4 (0.4) |
| Hematocrit, g/dL | 43.0 (1.1) | 44.3 (2.4) | 43.4 (3.3) | 44.7 (1.3) | 1.7 (2.7) | 0.4 (0.9) |
| Platelet count, k/uL | 188 (36.3) | 187 (59.3) | 171 (93.4) | 189 (56.3) | −12 (17) | 12 (11) |
| BUN, mg/dL | 11.5 (3.7) | 11 (3.0) | 15 (3.7) | 15.0 (3.0) | 1.5 (3.7) | 5 (1.5) |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.9 (0.2) | 0.8 (0.2) | 0.8 (0.2) | 0.9 (0.1) | −0.05 (0.07) | 0.04 (0.04) |
| Albumin, g/dL | 4.2 (0.4) | 4.3 (0) | 43 (0.4) | 4.4 (0.3) | −0.05 (0.2) | 0 (0.2) |
| AST, u/L | 37 (22.2) | 19 (4.5) | 34 (22.2) | 19.0 (3.0) | −2.0 (10.4) | −4 (10.4) |
| ALT, u/L | 32.5 (14.1) | 26.0 (14.8) | 36.0 (31.1) | 18.0 (3.0) | 2.0 (14.1) | −14.0 (14.8) |
| Alkaline phosphatase, u/L | 85.0 (46.0) | 88.0 (13.3) | 85.0 (43.0) | 79.0 (31.1) | −1.0 (4.5) | −8.0 (14.8) |
| Glucose mg/dL | 98 (16) | 98 (18) | 97 (13) | 90 (7.4) | −6 (14) | −13 (25) |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 166 (37) | 176 (33) | 152 (23) | 161 (13) | −5 (39) | −28 (18) |
| LDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 102 (11) | 116 (16) | 83 (33) | 100 (16.3) | −2 (20) | −27 (16) |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 52 (16) | 49 (12) | 52 (10) | 51 (9) | −1 (5) | 3 (5) |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 143 (24) | 173 (22) | 91 (9) | 114 (22) | −17 (72) | −31 (39) |
| Timed Chair Stands, s | 14.8 (4.2) | 15.3 (5.8) | 9.7 (2.1) | 7.9 (2.1) | −4.9 (3.0) | −5.0 (2.7) |
| Grip strength, kg | 7.5 (4.7) | 14.0 (10.9) | 8.2 (4.0) | 10.0 (9.4) | 2.3 (3.2) | −1.3 (3.5) |
| Liver Frailty Index | 2.0 (0) | 2.0 (0) | 2.0 (0) | 2.0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| KPSS score | 95 (7.4) | 90.0 (0) | 90.0 (7.4) | 100 (0) | 0 (14.8) | 0 (14.8) |
Note: Data presented are median and median absolute deviation (MAD) values. For KPSS follow (ADMF) 80–100. For KpSS change −10 to 10. For kpss change (LCD) −30 to 10.
Abbreviations: ADMF, alternate‐day modified fasting; ALT, alanine transaminase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BP, blood pressure; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; HDL Cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; KPSS, Karnofsky Performance Status Scale; LCD, daily low‐calorie diet; LDL Cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol.
MAD for albumin at baseline in ADMF group is 0 because more than half of the observed values were equal, and the range of values was 3.9, 4.8.
*Within‐group changes significant at p < 0.05.