Table 2.
Baseline Hemodynamics, Therapies, and Functional Parameters by Sex
| Total (N = 1,891) | Male (N = 466) | Female (N = 1,425) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hemodynamics, Median (IQR)a | ||||
| Right atrial pressure, mm Hg (n = 1,798) | 9 (5, 14) | 9 (6, 13) | 9 (5, 14) | 0.24 |
| Mean pulmonary artery pressure, mmHg (n = 1,838) | 48 (39, 57) | 48 (40, 58) | 49 (39, 57) | 0.20 |
| Pulmonary artery wedge pressure, mmHg (n = 1,816) | 10 (7, 14) | 11 (8, 14) | 10 (7, 14) | < 0.01 |
| Pulmonary vascular resistance, WU (n = 1,712) | 9 (6, 13) | 8 (6, 12) | 9 (6, 14) | < 0.01 |
| Pulmonary artery compliance, ml/mm Hg (n = 1,280) | 1.2 (0.8, 1.7) | 1.3 (1.0, 1.8) | 1.1 (0.8, 1.6) | < 0.01 |
| Cardiac output, L/min (n = 1,756) | 4.0 (3.2, 5.1) | 4.5 (3.6, 5.6) | 3.9 (3.1, 5.0) | < 0.01 |
| Body surface area, m2 (n = 1,847) | 1.9 (1.7, 2.1) | 2.1 (1.9, 2.2) | 1.8 (1.7, 2.0) | < 0.01 |
| Pulmonary vascular resistance index, WU*m2 (n = 1,678) | 17 (12, 24) | 17 (12, 24) | 17 (11, 24) | 0.46 |
| Pulmonary artery compliance index, ml/mm Hg/m2 (n = 1,251) | 0.6 (0.4, 0.9) | 0.6 (0.5, 0.9) | 0.6 (0.4, 0.9) | 0.15 |
| Cardiac index, L/min/m2 (n = 1,720) | 2.2 (1.7, 2.7) | 2.2 (1.8, 2.6) | 2.1 (1.7, 2.7) | 0.99 |
| RV stroke work index, g*m/m2/beat (n = 1,235) | 14 (11, 18) | 15 (11, 19) | 14 (10, 18) | < 0.01 |
| PAH Therapies, n (%N) (n = 1,889)b | ||||
| Number of PAH Therapies | ||||
| 0 – No PAH-specific therapies | 211 (11%) | 55 (12%) | 156 (11%) | < 0.01 |
| 1 – Mono therapy | 455 (24%) | 125 (27%) | 330 (23%) | |
| 2 – Dual therapy | 852 (45%) | 224 (48%) | 628 (44%) | |
| 3 – Triple or greater therapy | 371 (20%) | 62 (13%) | 309 (22%) | |
| Types of PAH Therapies | ||||
| Oral PDE5i or sGC Stimulators | 1,523 (81%) | 377 (81%) | 1,146 (81%) | 0.86 |
| Oral Endothelin Receptor Antagonist | 1,073 (57%) | 252 (54%) | 821 (58%) | 0.17 |
| Oral Prostacyclin Analogs | 173 (9%) | 38 (8%) | 135 (9%) | 0.39 |
| Inhaled Prostacyclin | 131 (7%) | 23 (5%) | 108 (8%) | 0.05 |
| Intravenous Prostacyclin | 460 (24%) | 82 (18%) | 378 (27%) | < 0.01 |
| Functional Parameters | ||||
| REVEAL Lite 2 Risk Score, n (%N) (n = 914)b | ||||
| Low Risk (< 5) | 459 (50%) | 124 (54%) | 335 (49%) | 0.29 |
| Intermediate Risk (6-7) | 240 (26%) | 56 (25%) | 184 (27%) | |
| High Risk (> 8) | 215 (24%) | 47 (21%) | 168 (24%) | |
| WHO-FC III or IV, n (%N) (n = 1,790)b | 997 (56%) | 217 (50%) | 780 (58%) | < 0.01 |
| 6MWD, meters, Mean (SD) (n = 1,700)c | 327 (127) | 357 (129) | 319 (126) | < 0.01 |
| % Predicted 6MWD, %, Mean (SD) (n = 1,667)c | 62 (22) | 61 (22) | 63 (23) | 0.27 |
| emPHasis-10, Median (IQR) (n = 1,862)a | 27 (16, 35) | 23 (13, 32) | 28 (18, 36) | < 0.01 |
| SF12-Physical, Median (IQR) (n = 1,862)a | 34 (27, 42) | 36 (28, 43) | 34 (27, 41) | < 0.01 |
| SF12-Mental, Median (IQR) (n = 1,862)a | 48 (39, 57) | 49 (41, 58) | 47 (38, 56) | < 0.01 |
PAH, pulmonary arterial hypertension; REVEAL, Registry to Evaluate Early and Long-term PAH Disease Management; WHO, World Health Organization.
Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) quantified by (1) the PAH-specific instrument emPHasis-10 (higher scores denoting worse HRQOL); (2) the generic-physical instrument, SF12-Physical (higher scores denoting better HRQOL); and (3) the generic-mental instrument, SF12-Mental (higher scores denoting better HRQOL). Oral PDE5i (phosphodieseterase-5 inhibitors) and sGC (soluble guanylate cyclase) stimulators = sildenafil, tadalafil, or riociguat. Oral Endothelin Receptor Antagonist = ambrisentan, bosentan, or macitentan. Oral prostacyclin analogs = oral treprostinil or selexipag. Inhaled prostacyclin = inhaled treprostinil or inhaled iloprost. Intravenous prostacyclin = intravenous epoprostenol or treprostinil.
Bold values indicates statistically significant to degree of < 0.05.
Rank sum test.
Chi-squared test.
Student’s t-test.