Table 1. Comprehensive guide to ASs: uses, risks, and ADI.

ASs: artificial sweeteners; ADI: acceptable daily intake; PKU: phenylketonuria

ASs	More sweetener than sugar	Brand names	ADI (mg/kg/day)	Uses	Risk factor	Study
Aspartame	200	NutraSweet	50	Extensively utilized in tabletop sweeteners, chewable vitamins, confectionery mixes, chewing gum, and beverages	PKU patients' phenylalanine sensitivity, high doses' possible harm to the liver, and concerns about neurotoxicity and cancer risks all surround safety	Ali et al. [6]
Acesulfame-K	200	Sweet one	15	Used as a tabletop sweetener and frequently mixed with other sweeteners in soft drinks, baked goods, candies, and chewing gum	Worries regarding adverse effects on metabolism, possible cancer risk, and long-term safety	Ali et al. [6]
Saccharin	600	Sweet N’ low	5	Frequently present in chewing gum, canned fruit, baked foods, tabletop sweeteners, and diet sodas	Early research showed a potentially disrupted gut flora and a risk of bladder cancer, which has since been completely debunked	Mahmood and Al-Juboori [7]
Sucralose	300	Splenda	5	Used in tabletop sweeteners, dairy products, baked items, frozen sweets, and beverages	Changes in gut flora, potential to affect insulin release, potential to modify glucose metabolism, and weight gain in certain studies	Gujral et al. [8]
Neotame	8,000	Neotame	2	Used as a general-purpose sweetener in dairy products, baked goods, and beverages; authorized for usage other than in meat and poultry	Possible harm to the liver from overindulgence, weight fluctuations, minor headaches, and appetite loss	Gibbons et al. [9]
Cyclamate	30	-	1	Banned in the United States but utilized in other nations; this sweetener is used in beverages, baked products, sweets, and tabletop confections	Potentially harmful effect on male fertility and connection to bladder cancer (illegal in several countries)	Kramer [10]
Alitame	2,000	-	0-1	Less prevalent because of regulatory obstacles; used in dairy products, baked items, chewing gum, and beverages	Relatively less information is available on potential liver damage than other sweeteners	Ali et al. [6]
Advantame	37,000	-	5	Advantame 37,000-5 is suitable for high temperatures and low pH, and is used in drinks, gum, yogurt, cakes, and powdered drink mixes	Restricted long-term evidence, but recent studies have not found any substantial toxicological consequences; generally regarded as safe	Ali et al. [6]