Table 2.

Food group equivalent outcomes at baseline and 12-month means and absolute/proportional mean change for the health behaviors (HB) intervention and standard of care.

	Health behavior			Standard of care			HB vs SOC
	Baseline Mean ± SE1	Month 12 Mean ± SE1	Mean Diff/Ratio (95% CI)2	Baseline Mean ± SE1	Month 12 Mean ± SE1	Mean Diff/Ratio (95% CI)2	p-value3
Fruits categories (cup eq.)
Total fruits	1.55 ± 0.15	1.52 ± 0.15	0.98 (0.69–1.39)	1.85 ± 0.23	2.12 ± 0.24	1.15 (1.15–1.52)	0.86
Whole or cut citrus, melons, berries (excludes juices)	0.64 ± 0.09	0.59 ± 0.08	0.91 (0.59–1.40)	0.48 ± 0.10	0.58 ± 0.14	1.22 (0.76–1.95)	0.37
Whole or cut other fruits (excludes juices)	0.73 ± 0.09	0.75 ± 0.12	1.02 (0.62–1.70)	0.94 ± 0.16	0.93 ± 0.15	0.99 (0.60–1.63)	0.93
Fruit juices	0.18 ± 0.03	0.19 ± 0.04	1.07 (0.57–2.00)	0.44 ± 0.13	0.61 ± 0.22	1.40 (0.87–2.26)	0.50
Vegetables categories (cup eq.)
Total vegetable (excludes legumes)	4.71 ± 0.37	5.14 ± 0.38	1.09 (0.90–1.33)	3.82 ± 0.40	3.67 ± 0.36	0.96 (0.71–1.31)	0.49
Dark green vegetables	1.74 ± 0.24	2.24 ± 0.24	1.29 (0.98–1.69)	1.15 ± 0.18	1.18 ± 0.15	1.03 (0.73–1.44)	0.31
Total red and orange vegetables	0.71 ± 0.08	0.66 ± 0.08	0.94 (0.72–1.23)	0.69 ± 0.13	0.59 ± 0.09	0.86 (0.54–1.35)	0.72
Tomatoes and tomato products	0.21 ± 0.03	0.19 ± 0.04	0.93 (0.53–1.63)	0.43 ± 0.09	0.22 ± 0.05	0.51 (0.25–1.03)	0.19
Other red and orange vegetables (excludes tomatoes)	0.50 ± 0.07	0.47 ± 0.07	0.94 (0.62–1.43)	0.26 ± 0.07	0.37 ± 0.08	1.43 (0.92–2.21)	0.18
Total starchy vegetables	0.22 ± 0.05	0.21 ± 0.05	0.96 (0.58–1.60)	0.33 ± 0.08	0.35 ± 0.10	1.04 (0.44–2.45)	0.89
White potatoes	0.18 ± 0.05	0.12 ± 0.03	0.69 (0.38–1.26)	0.26 ± 0.08	0.31 ± 0.10	1.18 (0.45–3.05)	0.35
Other starchy vegetables (excludes white potatoes)	0.04 ± 0.02	0.09 ± 0.04	2.07 (0.80–5.33)	0.07 ± 0.02	0.04 ± 0.02	0.55 (0.25–1.23)	0.04
Other vegetables not listed above	2.04 ± 0.18	2.02 ± 0.21	0.99 (0.73–1.34)	1.65 ± 0.28	1.56 ± 0.23	0.94 (0.58–1.55)	0.87
Legumes (beans and peas) computed as vegetables	0.06 ± 0.02	0.02 ± 0.01	0.31 (0.08–1.15)	0.10 ± 0.03	0.13 ± 0.06	1.33 (0.40–4.43)	0.11
Grain category (oz. eq.)
Total grains	1.98 ± 0.27	1.26 ± 0.21	0.64 (0.43–0.93)*	2.26 ± 0.36	2.78 ± 0.54	1.23 (0.64–2.36)	0.08
Total whole grains	0.12 ± 0.04	0.24 ± 0.07	1.95 (0.89–4.24)	0.46 ± 0.13	0.33 ± 0.11	0.71 (0.38–1.33)	0.05
Total refined grains	1.86 ± 0.26	1.02 ± 0.19	0.55 (0.34–0.89)	1.79 ± 0.33	2.45 ± 0.53	1.37 (0.61–3.06)	0.06
Protein category (oz. eq.)
Total protein foods (excludes legumes)	9.61 ± 0.60	10.2 ± 0.70	1.05 (0.85–1.28)	8.06 ± 1.09	5.96 ± 0.59	0.76 (0.51–1.14)	0.17
Beef, veal, pork, lamb, game meat	2.23 ± 0.39	2.50 ± 0.46	1.12 (0.74–1.69)	1.51 ± 0.40	0.91 ± 0.32	0.60 (0.40–0.90)*	0.03
Cured meats	0.53 ± 0.12	0.92 ± 0.29	1.74 (1.05–2.90)*	0.25 ± 0.07	0.73 ± 0.35	2.95 (0.73–11.91)	0.49
Organ meat5	0.12 ± 0.06	0.22 ± 0.10	0.09 (−0.07 to 0.26)	0.00 ± 0.00	0.00 ± 0.00	0.00 (0.00–0.00)	0.27
Poultry	2.52 ± 0.44	2.89 ± 0.45	1.15 (0.73–1.81)	1.48 ± 0.48	1.75 ± 0.44	1.19 (0.57–2.46)	0.94
Eggs and egg substitutes	0.21 ± 0.06	0.38 ± 0.12	1.80 (0.77–4.20)	0.25 ± 0.09	0.19 ± 0.10	0.77 (0.23–2.65)	0.27
Soy products excluding soy milk4	0.02 ± 0.02	0.06 ± 0.03	0.04 (−0.6 to 0.13)	0.21 ± 0.10	0.32 ± 0.18	0.11 (−0.17–0.39)	0.63
Peanuts, tree nuts, seeds (excludes coconut)	0.24 ± 0.08	0.08 ± 0.05	1.00 (0.57–1.73)	0.40 ± 0.13	0.54 ± 0.23	0.60 (0.34–1.05)	0.21
Dairy category (cup eq.)
Total dairy	0.54 ± 0.08	0.28 ± 0.06	0.52 (0.29–0.94)	0.78 ± 0.12	0.58 ± 0.12	0.75 (0.42–1.35)	0.38
Milk (includes calcium-fortified soy milk)	0.25 ± 0.04	0.14 ± 0.03	0.54 (0.24–1.22)	0.45 ± 0.09	0.28 ± 0.07	0.61 (0.33–1.16)	0.80
Yogurt	0.07 ± 0.03	0.02 ± 0.01	0.30 (0.06–1.59)	0.04 ± 0.02	0.02 ± 0.02	0.49 (0.14–1.76)	0.65
Cheese	0.18 ± 0.05	0.10 ± 0.04	0.54 (0.16–1.78)	0.21 ± 0.08	0.15 ± 0.05	0.75 (0.23–2.42)	0.70
Other
Added sugars (tsp. eq.)	7.46 ± 0.76	3.84 ± 0.56	0.52 (0.35–0.75)***	8.78 ± 1.57	7.04 ± 0.89	0.80 (0.50–1.35)	0.16
Alcoholic beverages (no. of drinks)	0.26 ± 0.08	0.12 ± 0.04	0.45 (0.19–1.08)	0.70 ± 0.28	0.48 ± 0.18	0.55 (0.30–1.00)	0.71

¹Data are shown as mean ± standard error (SE).

²Absolute/proportional mean change from baseline to 12-months.

³Significance was determined using generalized linear models with an identity or negative binomial link function.

⁴Data normally distributed.

Within-group statistical significance compared to baseline values indicated by ^* for (p ≤ 0.05), ^** for (p ≤ 0.01), and ^*** for (p ≤ 0.001).

Bold values indicate within-group statistical significance.