. 2024 Oct 24;14:25200. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-76932-7

Table 1.

The results of the correlation between subjective listening effort scores and the experimental results on listening effort

Age groups	Correlation parameters	Correlation between ER primary task & Questionnaire score	Correlation between ER secondary task & Questionnaire score	Correlation between RT primary task & Questionnaire score	Correlation between RT secondary task & Questionnaire score
All	Spearman’s $r_{s}$	0.250*	0.127*	0.074	0.042
All	Two-tailed significance p	0.000	0.028	0.200	0.470
Adults	Spearman’s $r_{s}$	0.409**	0.503***	0.246*	0.026
Adults	Two-tailed significance p	0.000	0.000	0.006	0.774
1st-2nd Grade	Spearman’s $r_{s}$	0.300**	0.124	0.032	0.044
1st-2nd Grade	Two-tailed significance p	0.005	0.259	0.771	0.687
3rd-4th Grade	Spearman’s $r_{s}$	0.625***	0.519***	0.560***	0.110
3rd-4th Grade	Two-tailed significance p	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.303

Significant correlations are marked in bold. The number of asterisks indicate the correlation strength⁴⁶: * - weak ( $| r_{s} | \geq 0.10$ ), ** - medium ( $| r_{s} | \geq 0.30$ ), or *** - strong ( $| r_{s} | \geq 0.50$ ).