Figure 4. Artificial intelligence (AI) performance and triage using smartphone images. (A) Comparison of AI performance (YOLO V.5) between slit-lamp (diffuser light) and smartphone images (336 patients). Owing to the various conditions of the smartphone (online supplemental figure S4A), the positive predictive values (PPV) were lower for the smartphone images (75.0%) than for the slit-lamp images (88.8%). (B) As the AI performance was better in images with a higher predictive score in the smartphone images, the AI performance in the images with a predictive score of 0.98 or greater was expected to exceed that of the slit-lamp images. (C) Confusion matrices of image numbers in YOLO V.5 for classifying 36 anterior segment eye diseases into 9 categories using smartphone images with a predictive score of 0.98 or greater. The PPV was 91.0%, which exceeded the 82.7% for board-certified corneal specialists. (D) Definition of triage classification. (E) Confusion matrices of image numbers in triage using smartphone images. High-performance triage was obtained after stratifying the images based on a predictive score greater than 0.98. IOL, intraocular lens.