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. 2024 May 30;83(11):e225869. doi: 10.1136/ard-2024-225869

Table 2. Inflammatory/autoimmune rheumatic and musculoskeletal disease activity and medications.

IJDn=5207 CTDn=1320 Vasculitisn=686 OIRMDn=123 All patientsn=7336
Physician-reported disease activity
 Remission 1934 (37.1) 526 39.8) 393 (57.3) 62 (50.4) 2915 (39.7)
 Low disease activity 1487 (28.6) 304 (23) 180 (26.2) 40 (32.5) 2011 (27.4)
 Moderate disease activity 808 (15.5) 74 (5.6) 47 (6.9) 9 (7.3) 938 (12.8)
 High disease activity 147 (2.8) 12 (0.9) 8 (1.2) 1 (0.8) 168 (2.3)
 Missing/unknown 831 (16) 404 (30.6) 58 (8.4) 11 (9) 1304 (17.8)
Antirheumatic medication exposure
csDMARDs 3289 (63.2) 786 (59.6) 163 (23.8) 31 (25.2) 4269 (58.2)
 Antimalarials 323 (6.2) 632 (47.9) 11 (1.6) 8 (6.5) 974 (13.3)
  Held before vaccination 1 1 0 0 2
  Reduced before vaccination 0 1 0 0 1
  Held after vaccination 1 2 0 0 3
  Reduced after vaccination 0 2 0 0 2
 Leflunomide 379 (7.3) 14 (1.1) 9 (1.3) 1 (<1) 403 (5.5)
  Held before vaccination 6 0 0 0 6
  Reduced before vaccination 1 0 0 0 1
  Held after vaccination 2 0 0 0 2
  Reduced after vaccination 0 0 0 0 0
 Methotrexate 2200 (42.3) 139 (10.5) 141 (20.6) 22 (17.9) 2502 (34.1)
  Held before vaccination 66 3 5 0 74
  Reduced before vaccination 10 0 1 0 11
  Held after vaccination 137 6 7 1 151
  Reduced after vaccination 6 0 0 0 6
 Sulfasalazine 387 (7.4) 1 (<1) 2 (<1) 0 390 (5.3)
  Held before vaccination 1 0 0 0 1
  Reduced before vaccination 0 0 0 0 0
  Held after vaccination 0 0 0 0 0
  Reduced after vaccination 1 0 0 0 1
bDMARDs 3042 (58.4) 130 (9.8) 146 (21.3) 31 (25.2) 3349 (45.7)
 Abatacept 118 (2.3) 2 (<1) 1 (<1) 0 121 (1.6)
  Held before vaccination 6 0 0 0 6
  Reduced before vaccination 0 0 0 0 0
  Held after vaccination 3 0 0 0 3
  Reduced after vaccination 0 0 0 0 0
 Belimumab 0 38 (2.9) 0 0 38 (<1)
  Held before vaccination 0 2 0 0 2
  Reduced before vaccination 0 0 0 0 0
  Held after vaccination 0 0 0 0 0
  Reduced after vaccination 0 0 0 0 0
 Rituximab 187 (3.6) 71 (5.4) 57 (8.3) 6 (4.9) 321 (4.4)
  Held before vaccination 14 1 7 2 24
  Reduced before vaccination 1 0 0 1 2
  Held after vaccination 1 1 0 0 2
  Reduced after vaccination 1 0 0 0 1
 IL-1 inhibitors 19 (<1) 2 (<1) 1 (<1) 7 (5.7) 29 (<1)
  Held before vaccination 0 0 0 0 0
  Reduced before vaccination 0 0 0 0 0
  Held after vaccination 0 0 0 0 0
  Reduced after vaccination 0 0 0 0 0
 IL-6 inhibitors 278 (5.3) 9 (<1) 63 (9.2) 3 (2.4) 353 (4.8)
  Held before vaccination 13 1 3 0 17
  Reduced before vaccination 0 0 0 0 0
  Held after vaccination 9 0 0 0 9
  Reduced after vaccination 1 0 0 0 1
 IL-12/23 inhibitors 46 (<1) 2 (<1) 1 (<1) 0 49 (<1)
  Held before vaccination 1 0 1 0 2
  Reduced before vaccination 0 0 0 0 0
  Held after vaccination 0 0 0 0 0
  Reduced after vaccination 0 0 0 0 0
 IL-23 inhibitors 6 (<1) 0 0 0 6 (<1)
  Held before vaccination 0 0 0 0 0
  Reduced before vaccination 0 0 0 0 0
  Held after vaccination 0 0 0 0 0
  Reduced after vaccination 0 0 0 0 0
 IL-17 inhibitors 207 (4.2) 1 (<1) 0 1 (<1) 209 (2.8)
  Held before vaccination 5 0 0 0 5
  Reduced before vaccination 0 0 0 0 0
  Held after vaccination 5 0 0 0 5
  Reduced after vaccination 1 0 0 0 1
 TNF inhibitors 2181 (41.9) 5 (<1) 23 (3.4) 14 (11.4) 2223 (30.3)
  Held before vaccination 67 0 2 0 69
  Reduced before vaccination 9 0 0 0 9
  Held after vaccination 58 1 1 0 60
  Reduced after vaccination 5 0 0 0 5
tsDMARDs 241 (4.6) 7 (<1) 1 (<1) 0 249 (3.4)
 Apremilast 13 (<1) 0 0 0 13 (<1)
  Held before vaccination 0 0 0 0 0
  Reduced before vaccination 0 0 0 0 0
  Held after vaccination 0 0 0 0 0
  Reduced after vaccination 0 0 0 0 0
 JAK inhibitors 228 (4.4) 7 (<1) 1 (<1) 0 236 (3.2)
  Held before vaccination 7 0 0 0 7
  Reduced before vaccination 2 0 0 0 2
  Held after vaccination 26 1 0 0 27
  Reduced after vaccination 2 0 0 0 2
Immunosuppressants 1294 (24.9) 729 (55.2) 495 (72.2) 63 (51.2) 2581 (35.2)
 Glucocorticoids (systemic) 1255 (24.1) 463 (35.1) 447 (65.2) 56 (45.5) 2221 (30.3)
  Held before vaccination 2 2 2 0 6
  Reduced before vaccination 3 1 2 0 6
  Held after vaccination 4 0 2 0 6
  Reduced after vaccination 1 0 7 0 8
 Azathioprine/6-mercaptopurine 19 (<1) 94 (7.1) 32 (4.7) 4 (3.3) 149 (2)
  Held before vaccination 0 2 0 1 3
  Reduced before vaccination 0 0 0 0 0
  Held after vaccination 0 1 0 0 1
  Reduced after vaccination 0 0 0 0 0
 Ciclosporin 12 (<1) 17 (1.3) 0 0 29 (<1)
  Held before vaccination 1 1 0 0 2
  Reduced before vaccination 0 0 0 0 0
  Held after vaccination 0 0 0 0 0
  Reduced after vaccination 0 0 0 0 0
 Cyclophosphamide 1 (<1) 7 (<1) 5 (<1) 0 13 (<1)
  Held before vaccination 0 0 0 0 0
  Reduced before vaccination 0 0 0 0 0
  Held after vaccination 0 0 0 0 0
  Reduced after vaccination 0 0 0 0 0
 Mycophenolate mofetil/mycophenolic acid 5 (<1) 142 (10.8) 11 (1.6) 3 (2.4) 161 (2.2)
  Held before vaccination 1 4 0 0 5
  Reduced before vaccination 0 0 0 0 0
  Held after vaccination 0 3 0 0 3
  Reduced after vaccination 0 1 0 0 1
 Tacrolimus 2 (<1) 6 (<1) 0 0 8 (<1)
  Held before vaccination 0 0 0 0 0
  Reduced before vaccination 0 0 0 0 0
  Held after vaccination 0 0 0 0 0
  Reduced after vaccination 0 0 0 0 0
Other medications
 Intravenous immunoglobulin 1 (<1) 12 (<1) 2 (<1) 1 (<1) 16 (<1)
  Held before vaccination 0 0 0 0 0
  Reduced before vaccination 0 0 0 0 0
  Held after vaccination 0 1 0 0 1
  Reduced after vaccination 0 0 0 0 0
 Antifibrotics 8 (<1) 2 (<1) 0 0 10 (<1)
  Held before vaccination 0 0 0 0 0
  Reduced before vaccination 0 0 0 0 0
  Held after vaccination 0 0 0 0 0
  Reduced after vaccination 0 0 0 0 0
No DMARD therapy 201 (3.9) 224 (17) 71 (10.3) 20 (16.3) 516 (7)
Unknown 46 (<1) 37 (2.8) 3 (<1) 1 (<1) 87 (1.2)

All medications including monotherapy and/or combination therapy.

bDMARDsbiological DMARDscsDMARDsconventional synthetic DMARDsCTDconnective tissue diseaseDMARDdisease-modifying antirheumatic drugIJDinflammatory joint diseaseILinterleukinJAKJanus kinaseOIRMDother inflammatory rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseaseTNFtumour necrosis factortsDMARDstargeted synthetic DMARDs